This paper illustrates a diversity of object-oriented languages which differ fundamentally in their support to evolutionary object specification and part-contents manipulation, which are features basic to the modelling of creative design. A case is presented for the modelling of properties as part-objects within a language's object-description scheme.
The authors identify a genre of commonly available object-oriented languages as presenting limitations to the flexible description and manipulation of part-objects for the purpose of representing design. Our in-house knowledge-programming language, Splinter, is introduced as contributing a policy for representing concepts with highly structured properties in a way which usefully supports the description of evolving dependency information.
The thesis here is that semantically rich description languages may be devised as the domain-independent vehicles from which creative-design modelling architectures can be more directly developed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ANSI, 1990, “Subclause 2.2.2: Objects, States and Messages”, in Object-oriented Databases Task Group of Database Systems Study Group OODB Reference Model Working Draft Document OODB 89–01 R3, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, pp 9–11
2.
BanerjeeJChouH-TGarzaJ FKimWWoelkDBallouN, 1987, “Data model issues for object-oriented applications”Association of Computing Machinery Transactions Office Information Systems5(1) 3–26
3.
BlairG S, 1991, “What are object-oriented systems”, in Object-oriented Languages, Systems and Applications Eds BlairG SGallagherJHutchinsonDShepherdD (Pitman, London) pp 108–135
4.
BrownA W, 1988, “The relationship between CAD and software development support: A database perspective”Computer Aided Engineering Journal5(6) 226–232
5.
BrachmanR J, 1985, “I lied about the trees”AI Magazine6(3) 80–93
DemaidAZuckerJ, 1992a, “Evolutionary inheritance and delegation as mechanisms in knowledge programming for engineering product design”, in Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering VI Eds RzevskiGAdeyR A (Computational Mechanics Publications, Ashurst, Southampton, England) pp 269–285
9.
DemaidAZuckerJ, 1992b, “Prototype-oriented representation of engineering design knowledge”Artificial Intelligence in Engineering17(1) 47–61
10.
DemaidAZuckerJ, 1993, “Evolutionary processing of design knowledge using message delegation”Artificial Intelligence in Engineering8(1) 33–46
11.
FingerSSubrahmanianE, 1992, “Concurrent design for power transformers: Overview and results achieved”SERC/IMechE Annual Expert Meeting, Information Technology and Product Design, Volume 1Institute of Mechanical Engineers, St Albans, Herts, England, pp 144–148
12.
GeroJ S, 1991, “Design prototypes: A knowledge representation scheme for design”AI Magazine11(4) 26–36
13.
HayesP J, 1981, “The logic of frames”, in Readings in Artificial Intelligence Eds WebberB LNilssonN J (Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA) pp 46–61
14.
HewittCBishopPSteigerR, 1973, “A universal, modular Actor formalism for artificial intelligence”Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence pp 235–245
15.
HornC, 1986, “Conformance, genericity, inheritance and enhancement”, technical report, Department of Computer Science, Trinity College, Dublin
16.
KimWBannerjeeJGarzaJ FWoelkD, 1987, “Composite object support in an object oriented database system”Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications, OOPSLA'87 [SIGPLAN Notices22(12)] pp 118–125
17.
KnuthEDemetrovicsJHernádiA, 1987, “On transformation properties of conceptual structures”, in Methodologies for Intelligent Systems Eds RasZ WZemankovaM (North-Holland, Amsterdam) pp 217–223
18.
KristensenB BMadsenO LMoller-PedersenBNygaardK, 1987, “The BETA programming language”, in Research Directions in Object-oriented Programming Eds ShriverBWegnerP (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) pp 3–41
19.
LaffraC, 1992Procol—A Concurrent Object Language with Protocols, Delegation, Persistence and Constraints PhD thesis, Software Engineering Research Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
20.
MacCallumK JYuBFrederiksenAMcGregorD, 1992, “A system for supporting design configuration”, in Artificial Intelligence in Design '92 Eds GeroJ S (Kluwer, Dordrecht) pp 3–19
21.
MacKellarBPeckhamJ, 1992, “Representing design objects in SORAC”, in Artificial Intelligence in Design '92 Eds GeroJ S (Kluwer, Dordrecht) pp 201–219
22.
MadesenO LMøller-PedersenB, 1992, “Part objects and their location”, in Technology of Object-oriented Languages and Systems, TOOLS 7 Eds HeegGMagnussonBMeyerB (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) pp 283–297
23.
MahotraAThomasJ CCarollT MMillerL A, 1980, “Cognitive processes in design”International Journal of Man-Machine Studies12119–133
24.
MeyerB, 1986, “Genericity versus inheritance”Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Object-oriented Programming Systems Languages and Applications, OOPSLA'86 [SIGPLAN Notices 21(11)] pp 391–405
25.
MeyerB, 1988Object-oriented Software Construction (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ)
26.
MeyerB, 1992, Preface Technology of Object-oriented Languages and Systems, TOOLS 7 Eds HeegGMagnussonBMeyerB (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) page 11
27.
NierstraszO, 1988, “A survey of object-oriented concepts”, in Object-oriented Concepts, Databases and Applications Eds KimWLochovskyF (ACM Press/Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA) pp 3–21
28.
NguyenG TRieuD, 1992, “SHOOD: A design object model”, in Artificial Intelligence in Design '92 Ed. GeroJ S (Kluwer, Dordrecht) pp 221–240
29.
RumbaughJ, 1987, “Relations as semantic constructs in an object-oriented language”Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications, OOPSLA'87 [SIGPLAN Notices 22(12)] pp 446–481
30.
SteinL A, 1987, “Delegation is Inheritance”Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Object-oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications, OOPSLA'87 [SIGPLAN Notices 22(12)] pp 138–144
31.
SteinL ALiebermanHUngarD, 1988, “The treaty of Orlando: A shared view of sharing”, in Object-oriented Concepts, Databases and Applications Eds KimWLochovskyF (ACM Press/Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA) pp 31–48
32.
ThamK WGeroJ S, 1992, “Prober—A design system based on design prototypes”, in Artificial Intelligence in Design '92 Ed. GeroJ S (Kluwer, Dordrecht) pp 657–675
33.
WegnerP, 1987, “The object-oriented classification paradigm”, in Research Directions in Object-oriented Programming Eds ShriverBWegnerP (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) pp 479–560
34.
ZhaoFMaherM L, 1992, “Using network-based prototypes to support creative design by analogy and mutation”, in Artificial Intelligence in Design '92 Ed. GeroJ S (Kluwer, Dordrecht) pp 773–793
35.
ZuckerJ, 1989Engineering Design Computed by Prototypes and Descriptions PhD thesis, Jenny Lee Library, The Open University, Milton Keynes
36.
ZuckerJ, 1992, “The Splinter knowledge programming language”, KBS | Eng Technical Report 11, The Open University, Milton Keynes; word processor compatible copies available by E-mail from j.zucker@open.ac.uk
37.
ZuckerJDemaidA, 1989, “A software machine designed for selection”Knowledge-Based Systems2(3) 178–184
38.
ZuckerJDemaidA, 1992, “Modelling heterogeneous engineering knowledge as transactions between delegating objects”, in Artificial Intelligence in Design '92 Ed. GeroJ S (Kluwer, Dordrecht) pp 141–159
