Dual Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jiroveci Lymphadenitis in a Patient with HIV Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report a case of dual Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii)(PCP) lymphadenitis in a patient with HIV who had been receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX) as systemic prophylaxis for PCP. This patient was successfully treated with antituberculosis medications and TMP-SMX. Our review of the literature identified this as the first reported case of dual TB and PCP lymphadenitis in an HIV-infected host and highlights the potential limitations of TMP-SMX prophylaxis.