The electoral loss of the Sandinistas in 1990 marked the beginning of a transformation agenda in Nicaragua aimed at dismantling the revolutionary legacy. During the presidency of Enrique Bolaños (2002–2007), efforts to attract transnational capital to tax-exempt free-trade zones intensified. Advertising campaigns directed toward presumptive investors, workers, and the general public attempted to brand Nicaragua as an ideal destination for transnational capital, frame neoliberal restructurings in terms of a “common good,” and depict free-trade zones as a vehicle for female emancipation. Analysis of some of the products of these campaigns highlights efforts to legitimate new forms of the state and citizenship and suggests that the narrative of progress is troubled by intersecting power relations of gender and class that open the way for divergent interpretations of the global division of labor.
Armbruster-SandovalRalph2005Globalization and Cross-Border Labor Solidarity in the Americas: The Anti-Sweatshop Movement and the Struggle for Social Justice. New York: Routledge.
2.
AronczykMelissa2008 “Living the brand: nationality, globality, and the identity strategies of nation branding consultants.” International Journal of Communication2: 41–65.
3.
BabbFlorence2001After Revolution: Mapping Gender and Cultural Politics in Neoliberal Nicaragua. Austin: University of Texas Press.
4.
BaumanZygmunt1998Globalization: The Human Consequences. London: Polity.
5.
BeneríaLourdes2003Gender, Development, and Globalization: Economics As If All People Mattered. New York: Routledge.
6.
BhabhaHomi1994The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
7.
BrooksEthel2002 “The ideal sweatshop? Gender and transnational protest.” International Labor and Working-Class History, no. 61, 91–111.
8.
CloseDavid2009 “Nicaragua: the return of Daniel Ortega,” in LievesleyGeraldineLudlamSteve (eds.), Reclaiming Latin America: Experiments in Radical Social Democracy. London and New York: Zed Books.
9.
De AngelisMassimo2001 “Global capital, abstract labour, and the fractal-panopticon.” The Commoner, May.
10.
EscobarArturo1995Encountering Development: The Making and the Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
11.
FonsecaGloria Maria2008 “DR-CAFTA, ALBA, and the sustainable development trinity.” Revista Envío, no. 329.
12.
FrancoJean2004 “Plotting women: popular narratives for women in the United States and in Latin America,” in del SartoAna. (eds.), The Latin American Cultural Studies Reader. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
13.
FraserNancy2009 “Feminism, capitalism, and the cunning of history.” New Left Review56: 97–118.
14.
GrigsbyArturo2002 “New government, new economy.” Revista Envío, no. 246.
15.
GürtlerSabine2005 “The ethical dimension of work: a feminist perspective.” Hypatia20: 119–134.
16.
HardtMichaelNegriAntonio2000Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
17.
HarveyDavid2005A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
18.
HarveyDavid2006Spaces of Global Capitalism: Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development. London and New York: Verso.
19.
HaugFrigga1994 ”Arbeit,” in Historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch des Marxismus, vol. 1. Hamburg: Argument.
20.
HeldDavid1993Prospects for Democracy: North, South, East, West. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
21.
HerodAndrew2001Labor Geographies: Workers and Landscapes of Capitalism. New York and London: Guilford Press.
KabeerNaila2000The Power to Choose: Bangladeshi Women and Labour Market Decisions in London and Dhaka. London and New York: Verso.
25.
KampwirthKaren1996 “The mother of the Nicaraguans: Doña Violeta and the UNO’s gender agenda.” Latin American Perspectives23 (1): 67–86.
26.
KangL.1997 “Si(gh)ting Asian/American women as transnational labor.” Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique5: 403–437.
27.
KleinNaomi2001No Logo. London: Flamingo.
28.
KrupatKitty1997 “From war zone to free trade zone: a history of the National Labor Committee,” in RossAndrew (ed.), No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade, and the Rights of Garment Workers. New York and London: Verso.
LemkeThomas2001 “‘The Birth of Bio-politics’: Michel Foucault’s lecture at Collège de France on neoliberal governmentality.” Economy and Society30: 190–207.
31.
McCloskeyDeirdre2000 “Postmodern market feminism: a conversation with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak.” Rethinking Marxism12: 27–37.
32.
MasseyDoreen2005For Space. London: Sage.
33.
MendezJennifer Bickham2005From the Revolution to the Maquiladoras: Gender, Labor, and Globalization in Nicaragua. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press.
34.
MillerPeterRoseNikolas2008Governing the Present. Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity Press.
35.
MitterSwasti1986Common Fate, Common Bond: Women in the Global Economy. London: Pluto Press.
36.
NarayanDeepa2002Crying Out for Change: Voices of the Poor. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank.
37.
NarayanDeepaPeteschPatti2002Voices of the Poor: From Many Lands. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank.
38.
NarayanDeepa with PatelRaj2000Can Anyone Hear Us?Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank.
39.
OngAihwa2000 “Graduated sovereignty in South East Asia.” Theory, Culture, and Society17: 55–75.
40.
O’ShaughnessyJohnO’ShaughnessyNicholas Jackson2000 “Treating the nation as a brand: some neglected issues.” Journal of Macromarketing20: 56–64.
41.
RobinsonWilliam2003Transnational Conflicts. Central America, Social Change, and Globalization. London and New York: Verso.
42.
RobinsonWilliam2004A Theory of Global Capitalism: Production, Class, and State in a Transnational World. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
43.
RossRobert J. S.2004Slaves to Fashion: Poverty and Abuse in the New Sweatshops. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
44.
RowbothamSheilaMitterSwasti (eds.) 1994Dignity and Daily Bread: New Forms of Economic Organizing among Poor Women in the Third World and the First. London and New York: Routledge.
45.
SalzingerLeslie2003Genders in Production: Making Workers in Mexico’s Global Factories. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
46.
SassenSaskia1999Globalization and Its Discontents: Essays on the New Mobility of People and Money. New York: New Press.
SpivakGayatri1999A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
50.
WalkerThomas (ed.) 1997Nicaragua Without Illusions: Regime Transition and Structural Adjustment in the 1990s. Wilmington, DE: SR Books.
51.
World Bank2001Engendering Development Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice. Washington, DC: World Bank/New York: Oxford University Press.
