Domestic radiators: Performance at lower mass flow rates and lower temperature differentials than those specified in standard performance tests

The heat output from conventional hot water radiators falls as the return temperature and the mass flow rate are reduced. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the output of some commonly available British pressed steel domestic radiators when operating at conditions of low mass flow rate or higher temperature differentials across the radiator. It also addresses the problems encountered at mass flow rates less than 20% of the design flow rate and lower temperature differentials.