Change in climate and other portions of the globalenvironmentwill have uneven consequences
across countries and regions. These changes already may be underway, will remain highly
uncertain, and will prove challenging to diagnose. The geographical separation between the
sources of human driving forces and the affected areas is a potential source of international
tension and conflict. Some of these changes will exacerbate existing social and economic
inequities and threaten sustainable development. This article examines the major equity prob
lems arising from the interaction of geographical discontinuities, uncertainty, and international
development.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Akong'a, J. and T.E. Downing.1988. Smallholder vulnerability and response to drought. In Impact of climatic variations on agriculture: Vol. 2. Assessments in semi-arid regions , edited by M. L. Parry, T. R. Carter, and N. T. Konijn , 221-48. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
2.
Ali, M.1984. Women in famine. In Famine asa geographical phenomenon, edited by B. Currey and G. Hugo, 113-34. Boston: Reidel.
3.
Baird, A., P. O'Keefe, K. Westgate, and B. Wisner.1975. Towards an explanation of disaster proneness . University of Bradford. Disaster Research Unit. Occasional Paper No. 11.
4.
Blaikie, Piers, and Harold Brookfield .1987. Land degradation and society . London: Methuen.
5.
Bolin, B., J. Jäger, and B.R. Döös.1986. The greenhouse effect, climatic change, and ecosystems. In The greenhouse effect, climatic change, and ecosystems. SCOPE 29, edited by B. Bolin , B. R. Döös, J. Jager, and R. A. Warrick , 1-32. Chichester : Wiley.
6.
Bolle, H.-J., W. Scilcr, and B. Bolin.1986. Other greenhouse gases and aerosols: Assessing their role for atmospheric radiative transfer. In The greenhouse effect, climatic change, and ecosystems. SCOPE 29, edited by B. Bolin, B. R. Döös, J. Jäger, and R. A. Warrick, 157-205. Chicester: Wiley.
7.
Brooks, Harvey.1986. The typology of surprises in technology, institutions, and development. In Sustainable development of the biosphere , edited by W. C. Clark and R. E. Munn, 325-48. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
8.
Bruntland, Gro Harlem.1989. Global change and our common future: TheBenjaminFranklin Lecture. In Global change and our common future: Papers from a forum, edited by R. S. DeFries and T. F. Malone, 10-18. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
9.
Burton, Ian, Robert Kates, and Gilbert White.1978. The errvironment as hazard. New York : Oxford University Press.
10.
Calabrese, E.J.1978. Pollutants and high-risk groups. New York: Wiley.
Clark, William C.1990. Towards useful assessments of global environmental risks . In Understanding global environmental change: The contributions of risk analysis and management, edited by R. E. Kasperson, K. Dow, D. Golding, and J. X. Kasperson , 5-22. Worcester, MA: Clark University, The Earth Transformed Program.
13.
Davis, Margaret B.1988. Ecological systems and dynamics. In Toward an understanding of global change, edited by the National Research Council, Committee on Global Change, 69-106. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
14.
Downing, T.E.1988. Climatic variability, food security and small holder agriculturalists in six districts of central and eastern Kenya. Ph.D. diss ., Clark University.
15.
Flavin, C.1987. Electricity in the developing world. Environment29(3): 12-15, 39-45.
16.
Forestier, Katherine.1989. The degreening of China. New Scientist , 1 July, 52-58.
17.
Funtowicz, Silvio 0., and Jerome R. Ravetz .1990. Global environmental issues and the emergence of second order science. London: Council for Science and Society.
18.
Gleick, Peter H.1989. Climate change and international politics: Problems facing developing countries. Ambio18(6): 333-39.
19.
Golding, Dominic.1989. The differential susceptibility of workers to occupational hazards. New York: Garland.
20.
Graedel, Thomas E.1989. Regional and global impacts on the biosphere. Environment31(1): 8-13, 36-41.
21.
Holling, C.S.1986. The resilience of terrestrial ecosystems: Local surprise and global change. In Sustainable development of the biosphere , edited by W. C. Clark and R. E. Munn, 292-317. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
22.
Kaldor, N.1939. Welfare propositions and interpersonal comparisons of utility. Economic Journal49:549-50.
23.
Kasperson, Roger E., ed. 1983. Equity issues in radioactive waste management. Cambridge : Oelgeschlager, Gunn, and Hain.
24.
Kasperson, Roger E., Srinivas Emani, and Betty Jean Perkins . Forthcoming. Global environmental change, the media, and publics: Preliminary data and observations. In Proceedings of the NAVF Science Conference on Sustainable Development, Science, and Policy. Bergen: NAVF .
25.
Kasperson, Roger E., and Jeanne X. Kasperson . Forthcoming. Hidden hazards. In Acceptable evidence: Science and values in hazard management, edited by D. C. Mayo and R. Hollander.New York: Oxford .
26.
Kates, Robert W.1985. The interaction of climate and society. In Climate impact assessment, edited by R. W. Kates, J. H. Ausubel, and M. Berberian, 3-36. Chichester: Wiley.
27.
Kellogg, William W., and Robert Schware.1981. Climate change and society. Boulder, CO: Westview.
28.
Knccsc, A.V., S. Ben-David, D.S. Brookshire, W.D. Schulze, and D. Boldt.1983. Economic issues in the legacy problem . In Equity issues in radioactive waste management, edited by Roger E. Kasperson, 203-26. Cambridge : Oelgeschlager, Gunn, and Hain.
29.
Liverman. Diana M.1990. Vulnerability to global environmental change. In Understanding global environmental change: The contributions of risk analysis and management, edited by R. E. Kasperson, K. Dow, D. Golding, and J. X. Kasperson , 27-44. Worcester, MA: Clark University, The Earth Transformed Program.
30.
Mauder, W.J., and Ausubel, J.H.1985. Identifying climate sensitivity. In Climate impact assessment, edited by R. W. Kates, J. H. Ausubel, and M. Berberian , 85-101. Chichester: Wiley.
31.
Mill, John Stuart. (1863] 1961. Utilitarianism. New York: Bantam.
32.
O'Riordan, Timothy, and Steve Rayner.1990. Chasing a spectre: Risk management for global environmental change. In Understarrding global environmental change: The contributions of risk analysis and management, edited by R. E. Kasperson, K. Dow, D. Golding, and J. X. Kasperson, 45-62. Worcester, MA: Clark University, The Earth Transformed Program.
33.
Parry, Martin L.1985. The impact of climatic variations on agricultural margins . In Climate impact assessment, edited by R. W. Kates, J. H. Ausubel , and M. Berberian, 351-68. Chichester : Wiley.
34.
Passmore, J.1974. Man's responsibility for nature. New York: Scribner's.
35.
Piddington, Kenneth W.1989. Sovereignty and the environment. Environment31(7): 18-20, 35-9.
36.
Rawls, John.1971. A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
37.
Riebsame, William.1989. Assessing the social implications of climate fluctuations: A guide to climate impact studies. United Nations Environment Programme, World Climate Impacts Programme.
