Missed nursing care is a global issue that refers to any aspect of patient care that is partially or entirely omitted or delayed. Although many studies have examined the relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction, there is no synthesized evidence of these findings.
Objective:
To evaluate the relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction.
Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out by searching the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Springer Link. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment and Validity Tool for Correlational Studies. A random-effects model was used in the meta-analysis.
Results:
Out of 13 619 identified reports, 8 studies involving 10 418 nurses were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. A significant negative relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction was identified, with the summary effect size of r = −0.294 (95% CI: −0.364 to −0.219, P < .001).
Conclusions:
The meta-analysis presented evidence regarding the significance of missed care in influencing nurse job satisfaction. As missed nursing care decreases, nurses’ job satisfaction may increase.
PapastavrouE.AndreouPEfstathiouG.Rationing of nursing care and nurse-patient outcomes: a systematic review of quantitative studies. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2014;29(1):3-25. doi:10.1002/hpm.2160
3.
GurkováEAdamkovičMJonesTKurucováRKalánkováDŽiakováK.Factor analysis, validity of the perceived implicit rationing of nursing care instrument and prevalence and patterns of unfinished nursing care in Slovakia. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(8):2036-2047. doi:10.1111/jonm.12887
4.
AlsubhiHMeskellPSheaDODoodyO.Missed nursing care and nurses’ intention to leave: an integrative review. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28:1830-1840. doi:10.1111/jonm.13069
5.
Eskin BacaksizFAlanHTaskiran EskiciGGumusE. A cross-sectional study of the determinants of missed nursing care in the private sector: hospital/unit/staff characteristics, professional quality of life and work alienation. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(8):1975-1985. doi:10.1111/jonm.12999
6.
JonesTLHamiltonPMurryN.Unfinished nursing care, missed care, and implicitly rationed care: state of the science review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(6):1121-1137. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.02.012
7.
SenekMRobertsonSRyanT, et alNursing care left undone in community settings: results from a UK cross-sectional survey. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28:1968-1974. doi:10.1111/jonm.12995
8.
*JonesTL.Validation of the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (PIRNCA) instrument. Nurs Forum. 2014;49(2):77-87. doi:10.1111/nuf.12076
9.
UchmanowiczIKoltuniukAMlynarskaA, et alPolish adaptation and validation of the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (PIRNCA) questionnaire: a cross-sectional validation study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(4):e031994. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031994
10.
KalischBJ.Missed nursing care: a qualitative study. J Nurs Care Qual. 2006;21(4): 306-313. doi:10.1097/00001786-200610000-00006
11.
Aytur ÖzenTKantekF. Missed care research from past to present: Bibliometric analysis. Paper presented at: 7th International Health sciences and Life Congress; March 7-9, 2024, Türkiye. Accessed May 5, 2024. https://ihslc.mehmetakif.edu.tr/
12.
LundSBSkolbekkenJAMosquedaLMalmedalWK.Legitimizing neglect-a qualitative study among nursing home staff in Norway. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):212. doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09185-1
13.
HackmanPHultMHäggman-LaitilaA.Unfinished nursing care in nursing homes. Geriatr Nurs. 2023;51:33-39. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.02.010
14.
BaratyMSalmaniNAsgariA.Perspective of pediatric nurses about missed nursing care and related factors. Iran J Nurs Res. 2023;18(4):56-66. doi:10.22034/IJNR.18.4.56
15.
ZhongJSimpsonKRSpetzJ, et alLinking patient safety climate with missed nursing care in labor and delivery units: findings from the LaborRNs survey. J Patient Saf. 2023;19(3):166-172. doi:10.1097/PTS.0000000000001106
16.
DuhaldeHBjuresäterKKarlssonIBååthC.Missed nursing care in emergency departments: a scoping review. Int Emerg Nurs. 2023;69:101296. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101296
17.
AlfuqahaOAAlhalaiqaFNAlqurnehMKAyedA.Missed nursing care before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative cross-sectional study. Int Nurs Rev. 2023;70(1), 100-110. doi:10.1111/inr.12795
18.
KalischBTschannenDLeeKH.Do staffing levels predict missed nursing care?Int J Qual Health Care. 2011;23(3):302-308. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzr009
19.
AnderssonIEklundAJNilssonJBååthC.Prevalence, type, and reasons for missed nursing care in municipality health care in Sweden—a cross sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2022;21(1):95. doi:10.1186/s12912-022-00874-6
20.
DuffyJRCulpSPadruttT.Description and factors associated with missed nursing care in an acute care community hospital. J Nurs Adm. 2018;48(7-8): 361-367. doi:10.1097/NNA.0000000000000630
21.
Tubbs-CooleyHLMaraCACarleACMarkBAPicklerRH. Association of nurse workload with missed nursing care in the neonatal intensive care unit. JAMA Pediatr. 2019;173(1):44. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3619
22.
SchubertMClarkeSPAikenLHDe GeestS.Associations between rationing of nursing care and inpatient mortality in Swiss hospitals. Int J Qual Health Care. 2012;24(3):230-238. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzs009
23.
KalischBJTschannenDLeeKH.Missed nursing care, staffing, and patient falls. J Nurs Care Qual. 2012;27(1):6-12. doi:10.1097/NCQ.0b013e318225aa23
24.
LuceroRJLakeETAikenLH.Nursing care quality and adverse events in US hospitals. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19(15-16):2185-2195. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03250.x
25.
SchubertMGlassTRClarkeSP, et alRationing of nursing care and its relationship to patient outcomes: the Swiss extension of the International Hospital Outcomes Study. Int J Qual Health Care. 2008;20(4):227-237. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzn017
26.
İlaslanNYıldırım ŞişmanN.Evaluation of nurses in a university hospital for the amount and reasons of unmet nursing need. Cukurova Med J. 2019;44(4):1226-1236. doi:10.17826/cumj.509488
27.
MandalLSeethalakshmiARajendrababuA.Rationing of nursing care, a deviation from holistic nursing: a systematic review. Nurs Philos. 2020;21:e12257. doi:10.1111/nup.12257
28.
ZhangWZhangHZhouJ. The association of missed nursing care with patient-central and nurse-central outcomes: a meta-analysis. Authorea. 2024:1-7. doi:10.22541/au.170664570.08794585/v1
HanumALHuQWeiWZhouHMaF.Professional identity, job satisfaction, and intention to stay among clinical nurses during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic: a mediation analysis. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2023;20:e12515. doi:10.1111/jjns.12515
31.
UtranienKKyngasH.Hospital nurses’ job satisfaction: a literature review. J Nurs Manag. 2009;17:1002-1010. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2009.01028.x
32.
LuHZhaoYWhileA.Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: a literature review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2019;94: 21-31. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.011
33.
AyalewFKibwanaSShawulaS, et alUnderstanding job satisfaction and motivation among nurses in public health facilities of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2019;18(1):46. doi:10.1186/s12912-019-0373-8
34.
HeidariSParizadNGoliRMam-QaderiMHassanpourA.Job satisfaction and its relationship with burnout among nurses working in COVID-19 wards: a descriptive correlational study. Ann Med Surg. 2022;82:104591. doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104591
35.
SnappBMcCutchonEWMooreTATeelD.Neonatal nurse practitioner job satisfaction, workforce environment, and mental well-being. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2022;34(9):1058-1065. doi:10.1097/JXX.0000000000000754
36.
AloisioLDCoughlinMSquiresJE.Individual and organizational factors of nurses’ job satisfaction in long-term care: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;123:104073. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104073
37.
HayesBBonnerAPryorJ.Factors contributing to nurse job satisfaction in the acute hospital setting: a review of recent literature. J Nurs Manag. 2010;18(7):804-814. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01131.x
38.
KalischBJTschanenDLeeH.Does missed nursing care predict job satisfaction?J Health Manag. 2011;56(2):117-131. doi:10.1097/00115514-201103000-00007
39.
*DuHYangYWangXZangY.A cross-sectional observational study of missed nursing care in hospitals in China. J Nurs Manag. 2020;28(7):1578-1588. doi:10.1111/jonm.13112
40.
*PapastavrouECharalambousAVryonidesSEleftheriouCMerkourisA.To what extent are patients’ needs met on oncology units? The phenomenon of care rationing. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2016;21:48-56. doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2016.01.002
41.
*Al-FaouriIObaidatDMAbuAlRubRF.Missed nursing care, staffing levels, job satisfaction, and intent to leave among Jordanian nurses. Nurs Forum. 2021;56(2):273-283. doi:10.1111/nuf.12537
42.
*HammadMGuirguisWMosallamR.Missed nursing care, non-nursing tasks, staffing adequacy, and job satisfaction among nurses in a teaching hospital in Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2021;96(22):1-9. doi:10.1186/s42506-021-00083-0
43.
*PlevovaIZelenikovaRJarosovaDJanikovaE.The relationship between nurse’s job satisfaction and missed nursing care. Med Pr. 2021;72(3):231-237. doi:10.13075/mp.5893.01035
44.
PageMJMoherDBossuytPM, et alPRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n160. doi:10.1136/bmj.n160
45.
CicoliniGComparciniDSimonettiV.Workplace empowerment and nurses’ job satisfaction: a systematic literature review. J Nurs Manag. 2014;22(7): 855-871. doi:10.1111/jonm.12028
46.
WagnerJICummingsGSmithDLOlsonJAndersonLWarrenS.The relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for nurses: a systematic review. J Nurs Manag. 2010;18(4):448-462. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01088.x
47.
PetticrewMRobertsH.Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences: A Practical Guide. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing; 2006.
48.
BorensteinM. Effect sizes for continuous data. In CooperH.HedgesLVValentineJC (Ed.), The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis. (2nd ed., pp. 221–236). Russell Sage Foundation; 2009.
49.
*WitczakIKoltuniukARypiczL, et alSelf-assessment of rationing and quality of nursing care. J Nurs Care Qual. 2022;37(3):48-53. doi:10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000607
50.
*KołtuniukAWitczakIMłynarskaACzajorKUchmanowiczI.Satisfaction with life, satisfaction with job, and the level of care rationing among Polish nurses—a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol. 2021;12:734789. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.734789
51.
ChoSLeeJYouSJSongKJHongKJ.Nurse staffing, nurses prioritization, missed care, quality of nursing care, and nurse outcomes. Int J Nurs Pract. 2020;26:e12803. doi:10.1111/ijn.12803
52.
LonghiniJPapastavrouEEfstathiouG, et alStrategies to prevent missed nursing care: an international qualitative study based upon a positive deviance approach. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29:572-583. doi:10.1111/jonm.13176
53.
ChaboyerWHarbeckELeeBGrealishL.Missed nursing care: an overview of reviews. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2021;37:82-91. doi:10.1002/kjm2.12308
54.
StemmerRBassiEEzraS, et alA systematic review: Unfinished nursing care and the impact on the nurse outcomes of job satisfaction, burnout, intention-to-leave and turnover. J Adv Nurs. 2022;78:2290-2303. doi:10.1111/jan.15286
55.
LinLChuHMuradMH, et alEmpirical comparison of publication bias tests in meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33:1260-1267. doi:10.1007/s11606-018-4425-7
56.
JanatolmakanMKhatonyA.Explaining the consequences of missed nursing care from the perspective of nurses: a qualitative descriptive study in Iran. BMC Nurs. 2022;21(1):59. doi:10.1186/s12912-022-00839-9
57.
SimonettiMCerónCGalianoALakeETAikenLH.Hospital work environment, nurse staffing and missed care in Chile: a cross-sectional observational study. J Clinic Nurs. 2022;31:2518-2529. doi:10.1111/jocn.16068
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
