The Principle of Self-Determination: Still Alive and Well

C. Eagleton , "Excesses of Self-Determination", Foreign Affairs (Vol. 31, No. 4, July 1953), p.557.

M. Wight , "International Legitimacy", International Relations (Vol. IV, No. 1, 1972), p.7.

Quoted by M. Wight in Systems of States (New Jersey: Leicester University Press, 1977), p.161 from Lloyd George, War Memoirs : London 1913-36, Vol. V.

B. Rivlin , "Self-Determination and Dependent Areas", International Conciliation (No. 501, January 1955), p.267.

UN Charter Ch.XII, Art.73(b).

Ibid.

A Chinese proposal to include the term "independence" was defeated at San Fransisco in 1945. W.A. Shukri , The Concept of Self-Determination in the United Nations (Damascus: Al Jadidan Press, 1965), p.87.

C. Eagleton , op. cit, p.597.

The abstaining states were: Portugal, Spain, Union of South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America, Australia, Belgium, Dominican Republic, and France.

M.A. Shukri , op. cit, quoting G. A. Resolution 1541 (XV) 15 December 1960 , p.119.

M. Wight , "International Legitimacy", op. cit., p.9.

W. Connor , "Self-Determination: the New Phase", World Politics (Vol. XX, October 1967), p.44.

M. Wight , "International Legitimacy", op. cit., p.13.

M. Wight , Systems of State, op. cit., p.153.

R. Emerson , "Nationalism and Political Development", in J. H. Hallowell (ed.), Development: For What? ( Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1961), p.11.

See Chapter Two, "On the Concept of Racial Sovereignty", in A. Mazrui , Towards a Pax Africana (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson , 1967).

The Resolution on Frontiers, Boundaries and Federations passed at the All Africa Peoples Conference in 1958 stated: As a first step towards the attainment of the broad objective of an African Commonwealth, the independent states of Africa should amalgamate themselves into groups on the basis of geographical contiguity, economic interdependence, linguistic and cultural affinity....Whereas artificial barriers and frontiers drawn by imperialists to divide African peoples operate to the detriment of Africans and should therefore be abolished.

Resolution on Neo-Colonialism passed at the All Africa Peoples Conference in 1961. (Mauritania was later reconsidered.)

Memorandum of the Somali Youth League presented to the Four Power Commission in 1948.

Text of Addresses, Conference of Heads of State of Governments, Organisation of African Unity (Cairo: Ministry of Information , 1964) CIAS/Gen./Inf/25.

A referendum carried out in the predominantly Somali inhabited "Northern Frontier District" of Kenya, prior to independence in 1963, showed an overwhelming majority of inhabitants to be in favour of union with the Somali Republic, but the results were not acted upon. See J. Drysdale , The Somali Dispute (London: Pall Mall Press, 1964), p.122-129.

Text of Addresses, op. cit., CIAS/Gen./inf/43.

Memorandum of KANU Delegation to 1963 OAU "Pan African Unity and the NFD Question in Kenya", quoted by C. Hoskyns , Case Studies in African Diplomacy (Dar es Salaam: OUP, 1969).

Statement made during Somali/Kenya discussions 28 July 1962 quoted by C. Hoskyns, op. cit.

Le Monde, 12 August 1977.

"Self-Determination and the Somali Nation", advertisement in New African (No. 139, March 1979), p.43.

"Go From My Country" (Mogadishu: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1978), p.2.

The London Times, 26 August 1977.

Mesfin Wolde Mariam , Somalia: Problem Child of Africa (Addis Ababa: Artistic Printing Press, 1977), p.23.

Eritrea Information (No. 5, November 1979).

Eritrea information (No. 4, October 1979). "Eritrea and the United Nations".

Memorandum presented by the Imperial Ethiopian Government to the Council of Ministries in London, September 1945.

"Class Struggle and the Problem in Eritrea", Address of Col. Mengistu. June 1978, (Ethiopian Revolutionary Information Centre).