The warpage of injection-molded plastic parts is a complex problem being affected by different technological parameters, material properties, and mold design. Hence, the description of the deformation is difficult as well. This article presents the effect of fiber content and mold temperature difference on the deformation of polypropylene parts. Based on the measurement results, a linear approximation and a calculation method are shown, which can be used to jointly determine the ideal fiber content and mold temperature difference to produce undeformed plastic parts.
DogossyGCzigányT. Modeling and investigation of the reinforcing effect of maize hull in PE matrix composites. Polym Advan Technol2006; 17: 825–829.
3.
MészárosLTábiT. The effect of EVA content on the processing parameters and the mechanical properties of LDPE/ground tire rubber blends. Polym Eng Sci2008; 48: 868–874.
4.
HashemiS. Effect of temperature on tensile properties of injection moulded short glass fibre and glass bead filled ABS hybrids. Express Polym Lett2008; 7: 474–484.
5.
BanikK. Effect of mold temperature on short and long-term mechanical properties of PBT. Express Polym Lett2008; 2: 111–117.
6.
DemirerASoydanYKaptiAO. An experimental investigation of the effects of hot runner system on injection moulding process in comparison with conventional runner system. Mater Design2007; 28(5): 1467–1476.
7.
KurtMKaynakYKamberOMutluBBakirBKokluU. Influence of molding conditions on the shrinkage and roundness of injection molded parts. Int J Adv Manufact Technol2010; 46: 571–578.
8.
ChenXGaoF. A study of packing profile on injection molded part quality. Mater Sci Eng2003; 358(1–2): 205–213.
9.
KovácsJGSiklóB. Experimental validation of simulated weld line formation in injection moulded parts. Polym Test2010; 29(7): 910–914.
10.
SolymossyBKovácsJG. The examination of weld line properties in injection molded PP composites. Mater Sci Forum2008; 589: 263–267.
11.
FischerJM. Handbook of molded part shrinkage and warpage. 2003. 1st ed. Norwich: Plastics Design Library/William Andrew Inc.
12.
SubramanianNRTingyuLSengYA. Optimizing warpage analysis for an optical housing. Mechatronics2005; 15: 111–127.
13.
ShoemakerJ. Moldflow design guide. 2006. Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag.
14.
AkayMOzdenSTanseyT. Prediction of process-induced warpage in injection molded thermoplastics. Polym Eng Sci1996; 36(13): 1839–1846.
15.
TangSHTanYJSapuanSMSulaimanSIsmailNSaminR. The use of Taguchi method in the design of plastic injection mould for reducing warpage. J Mater Process Tech2007; 182(1–3): 418–426.
16.
JansenKMBvan DijkDJKeizerKP. Warpage of injection moulded plates and corner products. Int Polym Proc1998; 13(4): 417–424.
17.
AmmarALeoVRégnierG. Corner deformation of injected thermoplastic parts. Int J Form Proc2003; 6(1): 53–70.
18.
OktemHErzurumluTUzmanI. Application of Taguchi optimization technique in determining plastic injection molding process parameters for thin-shell part. Mater Design2007; 28: 1271–1278.
19.
KabanemiKKVaillancourtHWangHSalloumG. Residual stresses, shrinkage, and warpage of complex injection molded products: numerical simulation and experimental validation. Polym Eng Sci1998; 38(1): 21–37.
20.
KikuchiHKoyamaK. Generalized warpage parameter. Polym Eng Sci1996; 36(10): 1309–1316.
21.
KikuchiHKoyamaK. The relation between thickness and warpage in a disk injection molded from fiber reinforced PA66. Polym Eng Sci1996; 36(10): 1317–1325.
22.
MlekuschB. The warpage of corners in the injection moulding of short-fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. Compos Sci Technol1999; 59(12): 1923–1931.
23.
FahyEJ. Modeling warpage in reinforced polymer disks. Polym Eng Sci1998; 38: 1072–1084.
24.
ZhengRKennedyPPhan-ThienNFanXJ. Thermoviscoelastic simulation of thermally and pressure-induced stresses in injection moulding for the prediction of shrinkage and warpage for fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. J Non-Newton Fluid1999; 84(2–3): 159–190.
25.
PrashanthaKSoulestinJLacrampeMFLafrancheEKrawczakPDupinG. Taguchi analysis of shrinkage and warpage of injection-moulded polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. Express Polym Lett2009; 3(10): 630–638.
26.
KovácsJGSiklóB. Test method development for deformation analysis of injection moulded plastic parts. Polym Test2011; 30: 543–547.