Strain rate effect on bond stress–slip relationship between basalt fiber-reinforced polymer sheet and concrete

Abstract

Reinforced concrete structures that are strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymers frequently suffer dynamic loadings. The success of this strengthening method depends on the effectiveness of the bond between the fiber-reinforced polymer sheet and concrete. Determining the bond behavior between the fiber-reinforced polymer and concrete substrate is an important issue in technology because the typical failure mode of fiber-reinforced polymer-to-concrete joints is debonding of the composite from the concrete substrate. Although numerous experimental studies have investigated this static bond behavior, experimental data concerning dynamic tests on maximum bond stress, ultimate load, and the bond–slip relationship of the interface between basalt fiber-reinforced polymer sheets and concrete under different strain rates are lacking. This study presents an experimental investigation of the dynamic performance between the basalt fiber-reinforced polymer sheet and concrete under different strain rates. Double-lap shear specimens were used in the tests. The dynamic test results are reported and discussed in this paper to evaluate and compare the influence of the strain rate on the dynamic maximum bond stress, ultimate load, as well as the bond–slip relationship between the basalt fiber-reinforced polymer sheets and concrete. The data show that the maximum bond stress, ultimate load, and bond–slip relationship are sensitive to the strain rate. The test results indicate that (1) the dynamic maximum bond stress of the basalt fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete interface increases with the increase of the strain rate; (2) the dynamic ultimate load of the basalt fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete interface increases with the increasing strain rate as a logarithmic function; and (3) the strain rate has no effect on the slip at the maximum bond stress, and the dynamic bond–slip relationships of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete interface under different strain rates are similar. The calculation models of the dynamic maximum bond stress, ultimate load, and bond–slip relationship were established through a regression analysis of the dynamic test data while considering the influence of the strain rate.

Keywords

Dynamic tests basalt fiber-reinforced polymer bond stress slip strain rate ultimate load

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Al-Zubaidy

Zhao

Al-Mahaidi

. Dynamic bond strength between CFRP sheet and steel. Compos Struct 2012; 94: 3258–3270.

D’Antino

Pellegrino

. Bond between FRP composites and concrete: assessment of design procedures and analytical models. Compos B Eng 2014; 60: 440–456.

Dandapat

Deb

Bhattacharyya

. Failure modes for FRP wrapped cylindrical concrete columns. J Reinf Plast Compos 2011; 30: 561–579.

Franco

Royer-Carfagni

. Effective bond length of FRP stiffeners. Int J Nonlin Mech 2014; 60: 46–57.

Teng

. Bond-slip models for FRP sheets/plates bonded to concrete. Eng Struct 2005; 27: 920–937.

Bilotta

Ludovico

Nigro

. FRP-to-concrete interface debonding: experimental calibration of a capacity model. Compos B Eng 2011; 42: 1539–1553.

Islam

Said

. A three-parameter bond strength model for FRP-concrete interface. J Reinf Plast Compos 2009; 28: 2309–2323.

Neubauer

Rostasy

Design aspects of concrete structures strengthened with externally bonded CFRP-plates. In: Forde

(ed). Proceedings of the seventh international conference on structural faults and repair, Edinburgh, UK: Engineering Technics Press, 1997, pp. 109–118.

Diab

Farghal

. Bond strength and effective bond length of FRP sheets/plants bonded to concrete considering the type of adhesive layer. Compos B Eng 2014; 58: 618–624.

10.

Saiidi MS, Johnson R and Maragakis E. Strain rate effects on strength of unidirectional FRP fabrics and bond to concrete. In: Proceedings of the third international conference on FRP composites in civil engineering, 2006, pp.79–82. Miami, FL: Florida International University.

11.

Shi

Zhu

. Experimental study of the strain rate effect of FRP sheet-concrete interface. China Civil Eng J 2012; 45: 99–107. (in Chinese).

12.

Tanaka

. Shear resisting mechanism of reinforced concrete beams with CFS as shear reinforcement, Japan: Hokkaido University, 1996.

13.

Hiroyuki Y and Wu Z. Analysis of debonding fracture properties of CFS strengthened member subject to tension. In: Proceedings of third international symposium on non-metallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures, Sapporo, Japan, 1997, vol. 1, pp.287–294. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.

14.

Pellegrino

Tinazzi

Modena

. Experimental study on bond behavior between concrete and FRP reinforcement. J Compos Constr 2008; 12: 180–189.

15.

Cao

Chen

Pan

. ESPI measurement of bond-slip relationships of FRP-concrete interface. J Compos Constr 2007; 11: 149–160.

16.

Yang

Yue

. Experimental study on bond performance between carbon fiber sheets and concrete. J Build Struct 2001; 22: 36–42. (in Chinese).

17.

Maeda T, Asano Y, Sato Y, et al. A study on bond mechanism of carbon fiber sheet. In: Proceedings of the third international symposium on non-metallic (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures, Sapporo, Japan, 1997, vol. 1, pp.279–285. Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute.

18.

Khalifa

Gold

Nanni

. Contribution of externally bonded FRP to shear capacity of RC flexural members. J Compos Constr 1998; 2: 195–202.

19.

Nakaba

Kanakubo

Furuta

. Bond behavior between fiber-reinforced polymer laminates and concrete. ACI Struct J 2001; 98: 359–367.

20.

Sato

Kimura

Kobatake

. Bond behavior between CFRP sheet and concrete (part 1). J Struct Constr Eng AIJ 1997; 500: 75–82. (in Japanese).

21.

Lorenzis

Miller

Nanni

. Bond of fiber-reinforced polymer fibers to concrete. ACI Mater J 2001; 98: 256–264.

22.

Matthys

Palmieri

. Development of a simplified bond stress-slip model for bonded FRP-concrete interfaces. Constr Build Mater 2014; 68: 142–157.

23.

Japan Concrete Institute (JCI). Technical report of technical committee on retrofit technology. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on latest achievement of technology and research on retrofitting concrete structures, pp. 4–42, Tokyo: Japan Concrete Institute, 2003.

24.

Dai

Ueda

Sato

. Bonding characteristics of fiber-reinforced polymer sheet-concrete interfaces under dowel load. J Compos Constr 2007; 11: 138–148.

25.

Chen

Teng

. Anchorage strength models for FRP and steel plates bonded to concrete. J Struct Eng 2001; 127: 784–791.

26.

Italian Society Research Society. Instructions for the design, execution and control of strengthening measures through fiber-reinforced composites. CNR-DT 200/04. Rome: Italian Society Research Society, 2004.

27.

Savioa M, Ferracuti B and Mazzotti C. Non-linear bond-slip law for FRP-concrete interface. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on FRP reinforcement for concrete structures. Singapore: World Scientific Publications, 2003, pp.163–172.

28.

Francesco

Nanni

Bakis

. Local bond–slip relationship for FRP reinforcement in concrete. J Compos Constr 2000; 4: 24–31.

29.

Ouyang

Wan

. Nonlinear deterioration model for bond interfacial fracture energy of FRP-concrete joints in moist environment. J Compos Constr 2009; 13: 53–63.

30.

Huang

. Dynamic behavior of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites: experiments and modeling. J Reinf Plast Compos 2011; 30: 53–59.

31.

Tomlinson D and Fam A. Performance of concrete beams reinforced with basalt FRP for flexure and shear. J Compos Constr. Epub ahead of print 24 June 2014. http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000491.

32.

Brik

. Basalt fiber composite reinforcement for concrete, Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1997.

33.

Sim

Park

Moon

. Characteristics of basalt fiber as a strengthening material for concrete structures. Compos B Eng 2005; 36: 504–512.

34.

Shi

Zhu

. Bond behavior between basalt fiber-reinforced polymer sheet and concrete substrate under the coupled effects of freeze-thaw cycling and sustained load. J Compos Constr 2013; 17: 530–542.

35.

Chinese Standard GB/T 50081. Standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary concrete (GB/T 50081-2002), Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2002. (in Chinese).

36.

Chinese Standard GB/T 3354. Test method for tensile properties of oriented fiber reinforced plastics (GB/T 3354-1999). Beijing: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People’s Republic of China, 1999 (in Chinese).

37.

Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE). Test method for bond properties of continuous fiber sheets to concrete (JSCE-E-543-2000). Tokyo: Research Committee on Upgrading of Concrete Structures with Use of Continuous Fiber Sheets, 2001.

38.

Ali-Ahmad

Subramaniam

Ghosn

. Experimental investigation and fracture analysis of debonding between concrete and FRP sheets. J Eng Mech 2006; 132: 914–923.

39.

Sato

. Bond stress-slip relationship between FRP sheet and concrete under cyclic load. J Compos Constr 2007; 11: 419–426.

40.

Ferracuti

Savoia

Mazzotti

. Interface law for FRP-concrete delamination. Compos Struct 2007; 80: 523–531.

41.

Wan

Smith

Qiao

. Experimental investigation on FRP-to-timber bonded interfaces. J Compos Constr 2014; 18(Specialhttp://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000418.

42.

Kulkarni

Shah

. Response of reinforced concrete beams at high strain rates. ACI Struct J 1998; 95: 705–715.

43.

Girgin

Arioglu

. Evaluation of strength criteria for very-high-strength concretes under triaxial compression. ACI Struct J 2007; 104: 278–284.

44.

Zhou

. Unified strength model based on Hoek-Brown failure criterion for circular and square concrete columns confined by FRP. J Compos Constr 2010; 14: 175–184.

45.

Wang

Xia

. Experimental evaluation of the strength distribution of fibers under high strain rates by bimodal Weibull distribution. Compos Sci Technol 1998; 57: 1599–1607.

46.

Huang

Zhao

Shang

. Research on concrete strength and deformation behavior under dynamic loading and its test methods. Nanjing Hydraulic Res Inst 1997; 13: 17–22. (in Chinese).

47.

Shen

. Experimental study on the mechanical property of microconcrete in model test. China Civil Eng J 2010; 43: 14–21. (in Chinese).

48.

Yin FF. Study on interfacial properties of Basalt fiber reinforced polymer and concrete. MsD thesis, PRC: Hohai Univ, 2014 (in Chinese).

49.

Popovics

. A numerical approach to the complete stress-strain relation for concrete. Cem Concr Res 1973; 3: 583–599.

50.

Sato

Vecchio

. Tension stiffening and crack formation in reinforced concrete members with fiber-reinforced polymer sheets. J Struct Eng 2003; 129: 717–724.