Severe Infection and Filler Migration 5 Years after Injection of Polyalkylimide 4% (Bio-Alcamid): A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Patients undergoing standard highly-active antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus may suffer from severe facial lipotrophy, also known as facial wasting. Facial wasting can impose a devastating psychosocial burden to the affected patients. Injectable filler materials are currently used worldwide for soft-tissue augmentation in various parts of the body. Injectable filler materials can be absorbable, semipermanent, or permanent. Permanent injectable filler materials have been used to augment facial soft-tissue defects, to treat rhytids, or to treat patients affected by facial lipoatrophy secondary to human immunodeficiency virus–associated antiretroviral therapy.