Due to the low bioavailability and severe toxic side effects caused by the lack of selectivity of traditional chemotherapy drugs, the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs has become the key to tumor treatment. The activity and transmembrane potential of mitochondria in cancer cells were significantly higher than that of normal cells, making them a potential target for chemotherapeutic drug delivery. In this study, triphenylphosphine (TPP) based mitochondria targeting polylactic acid (PLLA) nanoparticles (TPP-PLLA NPs) were synthesized to improve the delivery efficiency of anticancer drugs. The carrier material was characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR and 7-hydroxyl coumarin (7-HC) was successfully loaded into TPP-PLLA to form 7-HC/TPP-PLLA NPs. Further studies showed that TPP-PLLA NPs were primarily accumulated in the mitochondrial and 7-HC/TPP-PLLA NPs had higher antitumor activity. Taken together, our results indicated that TPP-PLLA NPs could be a promising mitochondria-targeted drug delivery system for cancer therapy.
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