Research on dynamic balancing for large-inertia and complex-shaped satellite payload module in vacuum

The uneven mass distribution in the satellite payload module causes centrifugal force and torque during its rotation, which significantly affects the on-orbit attitude stability of the satellite and must be controlled. Due to the complex shape and large inertia of the satellite payload module, in order to ensure smooth rotation during in-orbit, dynamic balancing is required during ground assembly. However, due to the nonlinear nature of the satellite payload module and its inability to rotate at high speeds, the measurement accuracy of conventional dynamic balancing machines is difficult to meet the required testing precision. Additionally, the complex and irregular shape of the payload module prevents the unbalanced forces caused by airflow resistance on each windward surface from canceling each other out, which interferes with the balancing results. To address the challenges faced in ground dynamic balancing of satellite payload module, this study proposes a high-precision vacuum dynamic balancing machine based on high static moment separation ratio vibration structure. By establishing a vacuum testing environment, the satellite payload module can be dynamically balanced with high precision. The resulting even unbalance and static unbalance of the satellite payload module meet the requirements for stable on-orbit satellite operation.