Characteristic investigation of a magnetostrictive fast switching valve for digital hydraulic converter

Abstract

In order to adapt the frequency requirements of fast switching valve applied to the digital hydraulic converter, a 2/2 way fast switching valve driven by giant magnetostrictive material was performed in this article. The finite element simulation of the fast switching valve’s electromagnetic field and flow field was carried out. In addition, the integrated analytical model of giant magnetostrictive material–fast switching valve coupling with enhanced transmission line method was built in MATLAB/Simulink. The displacement and pressure-flowrate characteristics of giant magnetostrictive material–fast switching valve were discussed and validated in the experiments. The results indicated that the nonlinearity magnetization presents a positive relationship with the driving current before it reaches the saturated state, and the hydraulic force at the expected opening is far less than output force caused by magnetostrictive strain. The experimental valve displacements are in good agreement with obtained results from analytical model, which reveals that the analytical model is accurate enough to predict the main performances of the fast switching valve. The maximum valve displacement without supply pressure is up to 68 µm, which attenuates moderately with the growth of supply pressure. The experimental responses of the displacement and the pressure of giant magnetostrictive material–fast switching valve are less than 1 ms. The amplitude of output flowrate is 8.1 L/min at the frequency of 100 Hz when the pressure drop across giant magnetostrictive material–fast switching valve is 6 MPa theoretically. Similarly, the maximum transient flowrate derived from experiments reaches 8.2 L/min at pressure drop across giant magnetostrictive material–fast switching valve of 5.9 MPa, which is basically consistent with that predicted by analytical model. These reveal that the giant magnetostrictive material–fast switching valve can be utilized in the digital hydraulic converter to improve the system’s efficiency.

Keywords

Digital hydraulic converter displacement and pressure-flowrate characteristics fast switching valve giant magnetostrictive material integrated analytical model

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Scheidl

Linjama

Schmidt

. Is the future of fluid power digital? Proc IMechE, Part I: J Systems and Control Engineering 2012; 226: 721–723.

Love

Lanke

Alles

. Estimating the impact (energy, emissions and economics) of the US fluid power industry. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 2012.

Yang

Pan

. Engineering research in fluid power: a review. J Zhejiang Univ: Sc A 2015; 16: 427–442.

Linjama

. Digital fluid power: state of the art. In: Proceedings of the 12th Scandinavian international conference on fluid power, Tampere, 18–20 May 2011. Tampere: Tampere University of Technology.

Brown

. Switched reactance hydraulics: a new way to control fluid power. In: Proceedings of the national conference on fluid power, Chicago, IL, 2–5 March 1987, pp.25–34. Milwaukee, WI: National Fluid Power Association (NFPA).

Yuan

Pan

Plummer

. A review of switched inertance hydraulic converter technology. J Dyn Syst: T ASME 2020; 142: 050801.

Johnston

. A switched inertance device for efficient control of pressure and flow. In: Proceedings of the Bath/ASME fluid power and motion control symposium, Hollywood, CA, 12–14 October 2009, pp.1–8. New York: ASME.

Scheidl

Kogler

Winkler

. Hydraulic switching control—objectives, concepts, challenges and potential applications. Hidraulica, 2013, http://www.hidraulica.fluidas.ro/2013/nr_1/7_18.pdf

Pan

Plummer

. Digital switched hydraulics. Front Mech Eng 2018; 13: 225–231.

10.

Zeng

Wang

, et al. Dynamic characteristics of priority control system for high-speed on–off digital valve. Adv Mech Eng. Epub ahead of print 1 May 2015. DOI: 10.1177/1687814015582098.

11.

Wang

Fan

Peng

. High speed solenoid valve with the application of AMESim. J Aerospace Power 2014; 29(3): 702–707.

12.

Jiao

Liu

Shang

, et al. An integrated self-energized brake system for aircrafts based on a switching valve control. Aerosp Sci Technol 2017; 60: 20–30.

13.

Meng

Song

. Linear control performance improvement of high speed on-off valve controlled by PWM. SAE Int J Commer Veh 2015; 8: 283–292.

14.

Brown

Tentarelli

Ramachandran

. A hydraulic rotary switched-inertance servo-transformer. J Dyn Syst: T ASME 1988; 110: 144–150.

15.

Katz

Van de Ven

. Design of a high-speed on-off valve. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2009 international mechanical engineering congress and exposition, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 13–19 November 2009, pp.237–246. New York: ASME.

16.

Pan

Johnston

Plummer

, et al. Theoretical and experimental studies of a switched inertance hydraulic system including switching transition dynamics, non-linearity and leakage. Proc IMechE, Part I: J Systems and Control Engineering 2014; 228: 802–815.

17.

Pan

Johnston

Robertson

, et al. Experimental investigation of a switched inertance hydraulic system with a high-speed rotary valve. J Dyn Syst: T ASME 2015; 137: 121003.

18.

Winkler

. Development of a fast low-cost switching valve for big flow rates. In: Proceedings of the 3rd PFNI-PhD symposium on fluid power, Terrassa, 30 June–2 July 2004. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.

19.

Kudzma

Johnston

Plummer

, et al. A high flow fast switching valve for digital hydraulic systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th workshop on digital fluid power, Tampere, 24–25 October 2012. Tampere: Tampere University of Technology.

20.

Koktavy

Yudell

Van de Ven

. Design of a crank-slider spool valve for switch-mode circuits with experimental validation. J Dyn Syst: T ASME 2018; 140: 061008.

21.

Yang

Zhang

, et al. Study on electromagnetic force of the new micro digital valve. Microsyst Technol 2019; 25: 2399–2409.

22.

Yokota

Akutu

. A fast-acting electro-hydraulic digital transducer: a poppet-type on-off valve using a multilayered piezoelectric device. JSME Int J II: Fluid 1991; 34: 489–495.

23.

Shi

Zhang

. Design and study of a new kind of larger flow rate high-speed on-off valve. Chin J Mech Eng 2004; 40(4): 195–198.

24.

Zhang

Yan

, et al. Research of a giant magnetostrictive valve with internal cooling structure. IEEE T Magn 2011; 47: 2897–2900.

25.

Wang

Kudzma

Johnston

, et al. The influence of wave effects on digital switching valve performance. In: Proceedings of the 4th workshop on digital fluid power, Linz, 21–22 September 2011. Linz: Austrian Center of Competence in Mechatronics.

26.

Zhu

Wang

, et al. Design and analysis of a nested structure micro-displacement amplification mechanism for a galfenol-based actuator. Smart Mater Struct 2019; 28: 095026.

27.

Yang

Zhu

. Characteristic investigations on magnetic field and fluid field of a giant magnetostrictive material-based electro-hydrostatic actuator. Proc IMechE, Part G: J Aerospace Engineering 2018; 232: 847–860.

28.

Jiles

Thoelke

Devine

. Numerical determination of hysteresis parameters for the modeling of magnetic properties using the theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis. IEEE T Magn 1992; 28: 27–35.

29.

Bergqvist

. A simple vector generalization of the Jiles-Atherton model of hysteresis. IEEE T Magn 1996; 32: 4213–4215.

30.

Zhu

Yang

Wereley

. Theoretical and experimental investigations of a magnetostrictive electro-hydrostatic actuator. Smart Mater Struct 2018; 27: 105043.

31.

Sun

Zheng

. Numerical simulation on coupling behavior of Terfenol-D rods. Int J Solids Struct 2006; 43: 1613–1623.

32.

Anderson

Wendt

. Computational fluid dynamics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

33.

Merritt

. Hydraulic control systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1991.

34.

Goodson

Leonard

. A survey of modeling techniques for fluid line transients. J Fluid Eng: T ASME 1972; 94: 474–482.

35.

Krus

Weddfelt

Palmberg

. Fast pipeline models for simulation of hydraulic systems. J Dyn Syst: T ASME 1994; 116: 132–136.

36.

Johnston

. The transmission line method for modelling laminar flow of liquid in pipelines. Proc IMechE, Part I: J Systems and Control Engineering 2012; 226: 586–597.

37.

Johnston

Pan

Kudzma

. An enhanced transmission line method for modelling laminar flow of liquid in pipelines. Proc IMechE, Part I: J Systems and Control Engineering 2014; 228: 193–206.

38.

Sheng

. Hydraulic fluid mechanics. Beijing, China: Machinery Industry Press, 1981.

39.

Wiens

Ven der Buhs

. Transmission line modeling of laminar liquid wave propagation in tapered tubes. J Fluid Eng: T ASME 2019; 141: 101103.