Investigating the Factor Structure of the 84-Item Version Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being for African American Women in the United States

Abstract

Introduction:

Psychological well-being is widely studied, yet existing measures often reflect Eurocentric ideals that may not generalize across cultural backgrounds. Social norms and historical experiences shape the meaning of well-being and influence measurement among groups historically underrepresented in research, such as African American women. This study examines the factor structure of Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB) in this population.

Methods:

This cross-sectional survey study was conducted via an online platform. A convenience sample of 248 African American women completed the 84-item RSPWB. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the underlying structure.

Results:

Analysis revealed five distinct factors from the original six: (a) Environmental Mastery, Purpose in Life, Self-Acceptance (EPS); (b) Relational Satisfaction; (c) Autonomy; (d) Personal Growth; and (e) Helplessness.

Discussion:

This research supports the need for consideration of sociocultural perspectives and experiences in nursing research. Culturally congruent measurement of psychological well-being is needed to promote accurate assessment.

Keywords

exploratory factor analysis African American women psychometric validation psychological well-being

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