In this article, transient transport phenomena in the arc and weld pool for different ambient pressures during tungsten inert gas welding were reported. Arc plasma and weld pool behaviour vary with ambient pressure because of changes in arc thermophysical properties. The maximum arc temperature decreases with decreasing ambient pressure because of reduced plasma electrical conductivity. Decreased arc mass density results in a lower maximum weld pool surface temperature and a decrease in maximum metal vapour content as ambient pressure decreases. Arc pressure decreases with decrease in ambient pressure, resulting in shallower penetration. Calculated arc temperature distribution and weld cross-section are compared with experiments to validate the modeling method for simulating heat and mass transfer phenomena in low ambient pressure welding.
RajaraviCGaneshBLakshmananS, et al.Influence of TIG welding processing parameters on mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel using Taguchi analysis. Mater Today: Proc2023; 72: 2402–2409.
2.
LyttleKA. Shielding gas for welding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol1993; 6: 64–69.
3.
LiuHJMaJLiuWC, et al.Influence of TIG welding process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–8Li–3Al–2Zn–0.5Y alloy. J Mater Res Technol2022; 20: 4114–4129.
4.
BerthierAPaillardPCarinM, et al.TIG and A-TIG welding experimental investigations and comparison to simulation. Sci Technol Weld Joining2012; 17: 609–615.
5.
TrautmannMHertelMFuesselU. Numerical simulation of tig weld pool dynamics using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Int J Heat Mass Transfer2017; 115: 842–853.
6.
MougenotJGonzalezJJFretonP,et al.Plasma-weld pool interaction in tungsten inert-gas configuration. J Phys D: Appl Phys2013; 46: 135206.
7.
TanakaMTerasakiHUshioM,et al.A unified numerical modeling of stationary tungsten-inert-gas welding process. Metall Mater Trans A: Phys2002; 33: 2043–2052.
8.
EbrahimiAKleijnCRRichardsonIM. A simulation-based approach to characterize melt-pool oscillations during gas tungsten arc welding. Int J Heat Mass Transf2021; 164: 120535.
9.
TraidiaARogerFGuyotE. Optimal parameters for pulsed gas tungsten arc welding in partially and fully penetrated weld pools. Int J Therm Sci2010; 49: 1197–1208.
10.
TraidiaARogerF. Numerical and experimental study of arc and weld pool behaviour for pulsed current GTA welding. Int J Heat Mass Transf2011; 54: 2163–2179.
11.
DucharmeRJKapadiaPDDowdenJM, et al.A mathematical model of TIG electric arcs operating in the hyperbaric range. J Phys D: Appl Phys1996; 29: 2650–2658.
12.
ChenNNWanZXWangHP, et al.Effect of ambient pressure on laser welding of AlSi10Mg fabricated by selected laser melting. Mater Des2022; 215: 110427.
13.
JiangMJiangNChenX, et al.Experimental and numerical investigation of single-pass laser welding of 20mm-thick high-strength steel under reduced ambient pressure. J Mater Res Technol2021; 15: 2317–2331.
14.
TanakaMTashiroSSatohT, et al.Influence of shielding gas composition on arc properties in TIG welding. Sci Technol Weld Joining2013; 13: 225–231.
15.
CuiXFChenJXiaCY, et al.The mechanism study of TIG-MIG hybrid welding process based on simulation. Vacuum2023; 215: 112341.
AubrechtVBartlovaM. Net emission coefficients of radiation in air and SF6 thermal plasmas. Plasma Chem Plasma Process2009; 29: 131–147.
18.
WangWZMurphyABYanJD, et al.Thermophysical properties of high-temperature reacting mixtures of carbon and water in the range 400–30,000 k and 0.1–10 atm. Part 1: equilibrium composition and thermodynamic properties. Plasma Chem Plasma Process2012; 2: 75–96.
19.
MenartJPfenderEHeberleinJ. Line-by-line method of calculating emission coefficients for thermal plasmas consisting of monatomic species. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer1996; 56: 377–398.
20.
EvansDL. Measurement of emission and absorption of radiation by an argon plasma. Phys Fluids1967; 10: 1137–1144.
21.
CressaultYGleizesA. Thermal plasma properties for Ar–Al, Ar–Fe and Ar–Cu mixtures used in welding plasmas processes: I. Net emission coefficients at atmospheric pressure. J Phys D: Appl Phys2013; 46: 415206.
22.
WangXXLuoYFanD. Investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow in high current GTA welding by a unified model. Int J Therm Sci2019; 142: 20–29.
23.
ChervyB. Thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients in SF6-Cu mixtures at temperatures of 300–30000 K and pressures of 0.1–1 MPa. J Phys D: Appl Phys1994; 27: 1193–1206.
24.
MurphyABTamE. Thermodynamic properties and transport coefficients of arc lamp plasmas: argon, krypton and xenon. J Phys D: Appl Phys2014; 47: 1137–1143.
25.
WangXZhongLCressaultY, et al.Thermophysical properties of sf6-cu mixtures at temperatures of 300–30,000 K and pressures of 0.01–1.0 MPa: part 2. collision integrals and transport coefficients. J Phys D: Appl Phys2014; 47: 495201.
