This article presents a conceptualization of organizational discourse as situated symbolic action that is then illustrated through an analysis of a meeting of senior managers during an organization development intervention. This perspective encourages a more holistic understanding of organizational contexts and offers an actionable framework to help make sense of workplace episodes and choose appropriate interventions. The ways in which action research was conceptualized and applied are also discussed.
Alvesson, M. , & Karreman, D. (2000). Varieties of discourse: On the study of organizations through discourse analysis . Human Relations, 53, 1125–1149 .
2.
Argyris, C. (1996). Actionable knowledge: Design causality in the service of consequential theory . Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32, 390–408 .
3.
Aristotle . (1991). On rhetoric. Kennedy, G. A. (Trans.). Oxford: Oxford University Press .
4.
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
5.
Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. London: Intertext .
6.
Berger, P. , & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality. London: Penguin .
7.
Blum-Kulka, S. (1997). Discourse pragmatics. In T. A. van Dijk , (Ed.), Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction, Vol. 2 (pp. 38–63). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage .
8.
Checkland, P. , & Holwell, S. (1998). Action research: Its nature and validity . Systemic Practice and Action Research, 1, 9–21 .
9.
Cunliffe, A. L. (2001). Managers as practical authors: Reconstructing our understanding of management practice . Journal of Management Studies, 38, 351–371 .
10.
Dash, D. P. (1999). Current debates in action research . Systemic Practice and Action Research, 2, 457–492 .
11.
Dickens, L. , & Watkins, K. (1999). Action research: Rethinking Lewin . Management Learning, 30, 127–140 .
12.
van Dijk, T. A. (1977). Text and context: Explorations in the semantics and pragmatics of discourse. London: Longman .
13.
Eden, C. , & Huxham, C. (1996). Action research for management research . British Journal of Management, 7, 75–86 .
14.
Foster, M. (1972). An introduction to the theory and practice of action research in work organizations . Human Relations, 25, 529–556 .
15.
Gergen, K. J. , & Thatchenkery, T. J. (1996). Organization science as social construction: Postmodern potentials . Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32, 356–377 .
16.
Gill, A. M. , & Whedbee, K. (1997). Rhetoric. In T. A. van Dijk , (Ed.), Discourse studies: A multidisciplinary introduction, Vol. 1 (pp. 157–183). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage .
17.
Grant, D. & Hardy, C. (2003). Introduction: Struggles with organizational discourse . Organization Studies, 25(1), 5–13 .
18.
Grant, D. , Hardy, C. , Oswick, C. , & Putnam, L. (Eds.). (2004). Handbook of organizational discourse. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
19.
Grant, D. , Keenoy, T. , & Oswick, C. (2001). Organizational discourse: Key contributions and challenges . International Studies of Management and Organization, 31(3), 5–24 .
20.
Gumperz, J. J. , & Levinson, S. C. (1991). Rethinking linguistic relativity . Current Anthropology, 32, 613–623 .
21.
Hardy, C. (2001). Researching organizational discourse . International Studies of Management and Organization, 31(3), 25–47 .
22.
Heracleous, L. , & Barrett, M. (2001). Organizational change as discourse: Communicative actions and deep structures in the context of information technology implementation . Academy of Management Journal, 44, 755–778 .
23.
Huxham, C. , & Vangen, S. (2003). Researching organizational practice through action research: Case studies and design choices . Organizational Research Methods, 6, 383–403 .
24.
Hymes, D. (1964). Toward ethnographies of communication . American Anthropologist, 66(6), part 2: 12–25 .
25.
Keenoy, T. , Oswick, C. , & Grant, D. (1997). Organizational discourses: text and context . Organization, 42, 147–157 .
26.
Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers in group dynamics: Channels of group life: Social planning and action research . Human Relations, 1, 143–153 .
27.
Marshak, R. J. (1998). A discourse on discourse: redeeming the meaning of talk. In D. Grant , T. Keenoy & C. Oswick (Eds.), Discourse and organization (pp. 15–30). London: Sage .
28.
Marshak, R. J. , Keenoy, T. , Oswick, C. , & Grant, D. (2000). From outer words to inner worlds . Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 36, 245–258 .
29.
Morgan, G. , & Smircich, L. (1980). The case for qualitative research . Academy of Management Review, 5, 491–500 .
30.
Perry, C. , & Zuber-Skerritt, O. (1994). Doctorates by action research for senior practicing managers . Management Learning, 25(2), 341–365 .
31.
Peters, M. , & Robinson, V. (1984). The origins and status of action research . Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 20, 113–124 .
32.
Phillips, N. , & Brown, J. L. (1993). Analyzing communication in and around organizations: A critical hermeneutic approach . Academy of Management Journal, 36, 1547–1576 .
33.
Samra-Fredericks, D. (2003). Strategizing as lived experience and strategists’ everyday efforts to shape strategic direction . Journal of Management Studies, 40, 141–174 .
34.
Schein, E. (1969). Process consultation: Its role in organization development. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley .
35.
Schein, E. (1987). The clinical perspective in fieldwork. Qualitative research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
36.
Searle, J. (1975). Indirect speech acts. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics 3: Speech acts (pp. 59–82). New York: Academic Press .
37.
Searle, J. (1995). The construction of social reality. New York: Free Press .
38.
Walker, B. , & Haslett, T. (2002). Action research in management-ethical dilemmas . Systemic Practice and Action Research, 15, 523–533 .