To investigate the importance of psychiatric and psychological factors such as depression, anxiety, personality traits, and coping strategies in liver transplant candidates' quality of life.
Methods
A total of 131 consecutive liver transplant candidates attending outpatient clinics at a liver transplantation central unit were assessed by means of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form quality-of-life questionnaire, psychiatric diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, a personality inventory (NEO Five-Factor Inventory), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Brief COPE scale.
Results and Conclusions
Both physical and mental components of quality of life are far more correlated with depression and active coping strategy than with clinical and sociodemographic factors. Neuroticism was also strongly correlated with the mental component of quality of life, and employment was correlated with the physical component of quality of life.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
TarterRESwitalaJArriaA. Impact of liver disease on daily living transplantation candidates. J Clin Epidemiol.1991;44:1079–1083.
2.
JohnsonCDHathawayDK. The lived experience of end stage liver falure and liver transplantation. J Transpl Coord.1996;6:130–133.
3.
GoetzmannRWagner-HuberRKlaghoferB. Waiting for a liver transplant: Psychosocial well being, spirituality, and need for counseling. Transplant Proc.2006;38:2931–2936.
4.
Díaz-DominguezRPérez-BernalJPerez-San-GregorioMAMartín-RodriguezA. Quality of life in patients with kidney, liver or heart failure during the waiting list period. Transplant Proc.2006;38:2459–2461.
5.
O'CarrollRCoustonMCossarJMastertonGHayesPC. Psychological outcome and quality of life following liver transplantation: A prospective, national, single-center study. Liver Transplant.2003;9(7):712–720.
6.
SinghNGayowskiTWaggenerMMMarinoIR. Depression in patients with cirrhosis, impact on outcome. Digest Dis Sci.1997;42(7):1421–1427.
7.
RodrigueJRDavisGLHowardRJ. Psychological adjustment of liver transplant candidates. Clin Transpl.1993; 7:228–229.
8.
HouseR. Transplantation surgery. In: StoudemireAFogelSGreenbergD, eds. Psychiatric Care of the Medical Patient.2nd ed.New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2000.
9.
CaccamoLAzaraVDogliaM. Longitudinal prospective measurement of quality of life before and after liver transplantation among adults. Transplant Proc.2001;33:1880–1881.
10.
KaramVCastaingDDanetC. Longitudinal prospective evaluation of quality of life in adult patients before and after liver transplantation. Liver Transplant.2003;9:703–711.
11.
NickelRWunschAEgleULohseAOttoG. The relevance of anxiety, depression and coping in patients after liver transplantation. Liver Transplant.2002;8(1):63–71.
12.
MyaskovskyLDewMASwitzerGE. Avoidant coping with health problems is related to poorer quality of life among lung transplant candidates. Prog Transplant.2003;13: 183–192.
13.
HjermstadMJLogeJHEvensenSAKvaløySOFayersPMKaasaS. The course of anxiety and depression during the first year after allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant.1999;24(11):1219–1228.
14.
MyaskovskyLDewMASwitzerGEMcNultyMLDiMartiniAFMcCurryKR. Quality of life and coping strategies among lung transplant candidates and their family caregivers. Soc Sci Med.2005;60:2321–2332.
15.
Telles-CorreiaDBarbosaAMegaIMonteiroE. Psychiatric differences between liver transplant candidates with familial amyloid neuropathy and those with alcoholic liver disease. Prog Transplant.2008;18(2):134–135.
Development of the Portuguese version of MOS SF-36. Part II: Validation tests [in Portuguese]. Acta Med Port.2000;13(3): 119–127.
18.
HaysRMarshallGNWangEYISherbourneCD. Four-year cross-lagged associations between physical and mental health in the Medical Outcomes Study. J Consult Clin Psychol.1994;62:441–449.
19.
American Psychiatric Association.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc; 2000.
20.
SheehanBVLecrubierYSheenanKH. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): The development and validation of structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatr.1998; 59(suppl 20):22–33.
21.
ZigmondASSnaithAP. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. Acta Psych Scand.1983;67:361–370.
22.
Pais-RibeiroJSilvaIFerreiraTMartinsAMenesesRBaltarM. Validation study of a Portuguese version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Psychol Health Med.2007;12(2):225–237.
23.
CostaPTJrMcCraeRR. NEO PI-R Professional Manual.Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc;1992.
24.
BertoquiniVPais-RibeiroJL. Estudo de Formas reduzidas do NEO-PI-R. Psicologia Teoria Investigação Prática.2006; 85: 102–111.
25.
CarverC. You whant to measure coping but your protocol's too long. Consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med.1997; 4(1):92–100.
26.
Pais-RibeiroJRodriguesA. Questioning coping: A propos of the adaptation study of the Brief COPE [in Portugese]. Psicologia Saúde Doença.2004;5:3–15.
27.
MonteiroEFreireABarrosoE. Familial amyloid polyneuropathy and liver transplantion. J Hepatol.2004;41(2):188–194.
28.
RothenhauslerHBEhrentrautSKapfhammerHP. Psychosocial screening and selection of candidates for liver transplantation [in German]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol.2003;53(9–10):364–375.
