Fragrance in Dermatology: Revisiting Sensitization and Clinical Use

Fragrance is widely used in consumer products and holds significant cultural and personal value, yet in dermatology it is most often approached as a risk factor due to its role as a leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and potential irritant or sensory trigger in susceptible individuals. As a result, avoidance or minimization of fragranced products is frequently recommended, particularly for patients with eczema, sensitive skin, xerosis, chronic pruritus, or suspected fragrance allergy. However, this paradigm may oversimplify sensitization risk and does not fully reflect advances in formulation science, evolving regulatory frameworks, or growing recognition of the role of scent in patient experience. This narrative perspective examines the historical basis for fragrance avoidance, including limitations in ingredient transparency, and addresses recent developments in exposure-based risk assessment and formulation. These include quantitative frameworks used to define concentration limits and their implementation through industry standards developed by the International Fragrance Association. Collectively, these developments reflect a more nuanced understanding of sensitization risk. In parallel, emerging interest in neurocosmetics highlights the interaction between olfactory signaling and the skin–brain axis, with potential implications for mood, stress, and treatment adherence. Taken together, these developments support a shift away from universal avoidance toward a careful, individualized approach to fragrance use in dermatologic care.