Williams and DeSteno (2010) and Gladkova (2010) question the validity, utility, and theoretical support for the bifurcation of pride into hubristic and authentic facets. Though these commentators highlight unanswered questions and important directions for future research, we argue that the broad, evolutionarily informed framework for the two facets, presented in our target article nonetheless provides the best fit and explanation for the existing pattern of evidence. We offer several empirical suggestions for future studies addressing the questions raised by the commentators, and emphasize the need for emotion researchers to hew closely to empirical data in developing theoretical accounts.
Ashton-James, C.E., & Tracy, J.L. ( 2009). Pride and prejudice: The distinct effects of authentic and hubristic pride on outgroup bias and discrimination. Manuscript submitted for publication.
2.
Cheng, J.T., Tracy, J.L., & Henrich, J. ( 2010). Pride, personality, and the evolutionary foundations of human social status. Manuscript submitted for publication.
3.
Gladkova, A. ( 2010). A linguist’s view of "pride". Emotion Review, 2(2), 178-179.
4.
Mesquita, B. ( 2001). Emotions in collectivist and individualist contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80 (1), 68-74.
5.
Norenzayan, A., & Heine, S.J. ( 2005). Psychological universals: What are they and how can we know? Psychological Bulletin, 131(5), 763-784.
6.
Tracy, J.L., Cheng, J.T., Robins, R.W., & Trzesniewski, K.H. (2009). Authentic and hubristic pride: The affective core of self-esteem and narcissism. Self and Identity, 8, 196-213.
7.
Tracy, J.L., & Matsumoto, D. ( 2008). The spontaneous display of pride and shame: Evidence for biologically innate nonverbal displays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 11,655-11,660.
8.
Tracy, J.L., & Robins, R.W. ( 2007). The psychological structure of pride: A tale of two facets . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 506-525.
9.
Williams, L.A., & DeSteno, D. ( 2010). Pride in parsimony. Emotion Review, 2(2), 180-181.
