In the 1920s and 1930s, Paul R. Hanna and Harold O. Rugg developed new textbooks that integrated social studies curriculum bi the elementary grades for the first time. Each author' s curriculum; Hanna’s expanding environments framework and Rugg’s recurring concepts with a focus on contemporary issues has significantly impacted today’s elementary school social studies instruction, textbooks and standards. This study evaluates the Quality of the Hanna and Rugg curriculum materials based on an assessment of clear content goals in support of each author’s curriculum structure and categories that determine the strength of die concepts used to support the content goals. The study finds that each author meets his curriculum goal with instances of clear and vivid concept development. The authors’ inclusions in their curriculums of fundamental concepts that underlie the social sciences are elements within social studies education that continue to be emulated today.
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