Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is now the accepted modality of choice for imaging the scrotal contents, in particular for evaluation of suspected testicular pathology. There are numerous scrotal pathologies which present with pain, swelling and/or a mass. Testicular lesions vary from the benign to the malignant and also include surgical emergencies and infections. Using 'colour' and applying 'power' Doppler assist in making the diagnosis. However, differentiating between lesions requires a highly skilled US examiner, a sound knowledge of the normal US anatomy and knowledge of the US appearance of numerous conditions. This article reviews the US appearances of many common scrotal pathologies.