Pollen, stomates and macrofossils were analysed from a 3.63 m sediment core at Jan Lake, eastcentral Alaska, in order to improve spatial resolution of patterns of vegetation history in this region. The chronology was based on 19 AMS 14C dates on plant macrofossils and concentrated pollen. Zone Jan-I (12400-11 600 yr BP) records a unique herb-tundra pollen assemblage, particularly high in Chenopodia ceae, adding supporting evidence for a spatial mosaic of lateglacial vegetation in east-central Alaska. Unexpected pollen of Picea, Betula and Alnus in lateglacial sediments appears to arise from reworking of older pollen-bearing deposits, according to a radiocarbon date of 22180yr BP on a pollen sample. Shrub Betula tundra dominates zone Jan-Il (11 600-10000 yr BP), with indications of climatic amelioration. Tree species (Populus, Picea glauca, Betula papyrifera) began to arrive in zone Jan-Illa (9200-6600 yr BP), and the modern boreal forest, including Alnus and Picea mariana, became established during zone Jan-IIlb (6600-0 yr BP). Fossil stomates appear to be an effective indicator of initial local occurrence of Picea at Jan Lake. Picea arrival at Jan Lake is within 300 years of its arrival at other AMS-dated sites across eastern and central Alaska. A migration route into Alaska through the drainages of the Tanana or Yukon Rivers is hypothesized. Evidence is found for a slight mid-Holocene Picea decline at Jan Lake, intermediate in magnitude between Picea pollen records showing no decline to the east and a larger decline to the west in Alaska.
Abbott, M.B. , Finney, B.P. , Edwards, M.E. and Kelts, K.R.2000: Lake-level reconstructions and paleohydrology of Birch Lake, central Alaska, based on seismic reflection profiles and core transects . Quaternary Research53, 154-166 .
2.
Ager, T.A.1975: Late Quaternary environmental history of the Tanana valley, Alaska. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Institute for Polar Studies , Report 54-54.
3.
Anderson, J.P.1974: Anderson' Flora of Alaska and adjacent parts of Canada. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press .
4.
Anderson, P.M.1985: Late Quaternary vegetational change in the Kotzebue Sound area, northwestern Alaska . Quaternary Research24, 307-321 .
5.
Anderson, P.M. and Brubaker, L.B.1994: Vegetation history of northern Alaska: a mapped summary of late-Quaternary pollen data . Quaternary Science Reviews13, 71-92 .
6.
Anderson, P.M. , Bartlein, P.J. and Brubaker, L.B.1994a: Late Quaternary history of tundra vegetation in northwestern Alaska . Quaternary Research41, 306-315 .
7.
Anderson, P.M. , Lozhkin, A.V. , Eisner, W.R. , Kozhevnikova, M.V. , Hopkins, D.M. , Brubaker, L.B. and Colinvaux, P.A.1994b: Two late Quaternary pollen records from interior Alaska . Geographique et Quaternaire48, 131-143 .
8.
Anderson, P.M. , Rainier, R.E. and Brubaker, L.B.1988: Late Quaternary vegetational history of the Black River region in northeastern Alaska . Canadian Journal of Earth Science25, 84-94 .
9.
Anderson, P.M. , Rainier, R.E. and Brubaker, L.B.1990: A 14,000-year pollen record from Sithylemenkat Lake, north-central Alaska . Quaternary Research33, 400-404 .
10.
Barber, V.A. and Finney, B.P.2000: Late Quaternary paleoclimatic reconstructions for interior Alaska based on paleolake level data and hydrologic models . Journal of Paleolimnology24, 29-41 .
11.
Beget, J.E. , Regler, R.D. , Pinney, D. , Gillespie, T. and Campbell, K.1991: Correlation of the Holocene Jarvis Creek, Tangle Lakes, Cantwell, and Hayes tephras in south-central and central Alaska . Quaternary Research35, 174-189 .
12.
Bennett, K.D.1985. The spread of Fagus grandifolia across eastern North America during the last 18 000 years . Journal of Biogeography12: 147-164 .
13.
Bigelow, N.H. 1997: Late Quaternary vegetation and lake level changes in central Alaska. PhD dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
14.
Brown, T.A. 1994: Radiocarbon dating of pollen by accelerator mass spectrometry. PhD dissertation, University of Washington.
15.
Brown T.A. , Nelson, D.E. , Mathewes, R.W. , Vogel, J.S. and Southon, J.R.1989: Radiocarbon dating of pollen by accelerator mass-spectrometry . Quaternary Research32, 205-212 .
16.
Brubaker, L.B. , Anderson, P.M. and Hu, F.S.2001: Vegetation ecotone dynamics in southwest Alaska during the late Quaternary . Quaternary Science Reviews20, 175-188 .
17.
Brubaker, L.B. , Anderson, P.M. , Murray, B.M. and Koon, D.1998: A palynological investigation of true-moss (Bryidae) spores: morphology and occurrence in modern and late Quaternary lake sediments of Alaska . Canadian Journal of Botany76, 2145-2157 .
18.
Brubaker, L.B. , Garfinkel, H.L. and Edwards, M.E.1983: A Late Wisconsin and Holocene vegetation history from the central Brooks Range: implications for Alaskan paleoecology . Quaternary Research20, 194-214 .
19.
Carlson, L.J. 2003: Describing the postglacial pattern and rate of Picea expansion in Alaska using paleoecological records. PhD dissertation, University of Washington.
20.
Cwynar, L.C.1982: A late-Quaternary vegetation history from Hanging Lake, northern Yukon . Ecological Monographs52, 1-24 .
21.
Cwynar, L.C. and Spear, R.W.1991: Reversion of forest to tundra in the central Yukon . Ecology72, 202-212 .
22.
Davis, M.B.1976: Pleistocene biogeography of temperate deciduous forests . Geoscience and Man13, 13-26 .
23.
Edwards, M.E. and Brubaker, L.B.1986: Late-Quaternary environmental history of the Fishhook Bend area, Porcupine River, Alaska . Canadian Journal of Earth Science32, 1765-1773 .
24.
Edwards, M.E. and McDowell, P.F.1991: Interglacial deposits at Birch Creek, northeast interior Alaska . Quaternary Research20, 194-214 .
25.
Edwards, M.E. , Anderson, P.M. , Brubaker, L.B. and Lozhkin, A.V.2002: Full-and late-glacial vegetation of continental Beringia. Program and Abstracts, 17th Annual Meeting, American Quaternary Association. Anchorage: University of Alaska , 35-37.
26.
Edwards, M.E. , Anderson, P.M. , Garfinkel, H.L. and Brubaker, L.B.1985: Late Wisconsin and Holocene vegetational history of the Upper Koyukuk region, Brooks Range, AK . Canadian Journal of Botany63, 616-626 .
27.
Edwards, M. , Bigelow, N. , Finney, B. and Eisner, W.R.2000: Records of aquatic pollen and sediment properties as indicators of late-Quaternary Alaskan lake levels . Journal of Paleolimnology24, 55-68 .
28.
Edwards, M.E. , Dawe, J.C. and Armbruster, W.S.1991: Pollen size of Betula in northern Alaska and the interpretation of late-Quaternary pollen records . Canadian Journal of Botany69, 1666-1672 .
29.
Engstrom, D.R. and Hansen, B.C.S.1985: Postglacial vegetational change and soil development in southeastern Labrador as inferred from pollen and chemical stratigraphy . Canadian Journal of Botany63, 543-561 .
30.
Fassett, N.C.1960: A manual of aquatic plants. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press .
31.
Grimm, E.C.1987: CONISS: A Fortran 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares . Computers and Geosciences13, 13-35 .
32.
Hansen, B.C.S.1995: Conifer stomate analysis as a paleoecological tool: an example from the Hudson Bay Lowlands . Canadian Journal of Botany73, 244-252 .
33.
Hopkins, D.M. , Smith, P.A. and Matthews, J.V. Jr1981: Dated wood from Alaska and the Yukon; implications for refugia in Beringia . Quaternary Research15, 217-249 .
34.
Horton, D.G.1983: A revision of the Encalyptaceae (Musci), with particular reference to the North American taxa. Part II . Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory54, 353-332 .
35.
Hu, F.S. , Brubaker, L.B. and Anderson, P.M.1993: A 12 000 year record of vegetation change and soil development from Wien Lake, central Alaska . Canadian Journal of Botany71, 1133-1142 .
36.
Hu, F.S. , Brubaker, L.B. and Anderson, P.M.1995: Postglacial vegetation and climate change in the northern Bristol Bay region, southwestern Alaska . Quaternary Research43, 382-392 .
37.
Hu, F.S. , Brubaker, L.B. and Anderson, P.M.1996: Boreal ecosystem development in the northwestern Alaska Range since 11,000 yr BP . Quaternary Research45, 188-201 .
38.
Hulten, E.1937: Outline of the history of Arctic and Boreal biota during the Quaternary period. Stockholm: Bokforlags Aktiebolaget, Thule .
39.
Hulten, E.1968: Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press .
40.
Katz, N.J. , Katz, S.V. and Kipiani, M.G.1965: Atlas and keys offruits and seeds occurring in the Quaternary deposits of the USSR. Moscow: Nauka Publishing House .
41.
Lamb, H.F.1980: Late Quaternary vegetational history of southeastern Labrador . Arctic and Alpine Research12, 117-135 .
42.
Lamb, H.F. and Edwards, M.E.1988: The Arctic. In Huntley, B. and Webb, T. III , editors, Vegetation history, Dordrecht: Junk .
43.
Lui, K.B.1990: Holocene paleoecology of the boreal forest and Great Lakes-St Lawrence forest in northern Ontario . Ecological Monographs60, 179-212 .
44.
Matthews, J.V. Jr1970: Quaternary environmental history of Interior Alaska; pollen samples from organic colluvium and peats . Arctic and Alpine Research2, 241-251 .
45.
Matthews, J.V. Jr1974: Wisconsin environment of interior Alaska; pollen and macrofossil analysis of a 27-meter core from the Isabella Basin (Fairbanks, Alaska) . Canadian Journal of Earth Science11, 828-841 .
46.
Owenby, J.R. and Ezell, D.S.1992: Monthly station normals of temperature, precipitation and heating and cooling degree days 1961-90: Alaska. Asheville, NC: US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center .
47.
PALE Members1994: Research Protocols for PALE: Paleoclimates of Arctic Lakes and Estuaries. Past Global Changes (PAGES) workshop report, Series 94-1.
48.
Pewe, T.L.1975: Quaternary geology of Alaska. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 835.
49.
Pewe, T.L.1983: The periglacial environment in North America during Wisconsin times. In Porter, S.C. , editor, Late Quaternary environments of the United States. Volume 1. The Late Pleistocene, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press , 157-189.
50.
Ritchie, J.C.1982: The modem and Late-Quaternary vegetation of the Doll Creek area, North Yukon, Canada . New Phytologist90, 563-603 .
51.
Schweger, C.E. 1976: Late-Quatemary paleoecology of the Onion Portage Region, Northwest Alaska. PhD thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
52.
Snyder, J.A. , Miller, G.H. , Werner, A. , Jull, A.J.T. and Stafford. T.W.1994: AMS-radiocarbon dating of organic-poor sediment, an example from Linnevatnet, Spitsbergen, Svalbard . The Holocene4, 413-421 .
53.
Stockmarr, J.1972: Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis . Pollen et Spores13, 615-621 .
54.
Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P.J.1993. Extended 14C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program . Radiocarbon8, 534-540 .
55.
Stuiver, M. , Reimer, P.J. , Bard, E. , Beck, J.W. , Burr, G.S. , Hughen, K.A. , Kromer, B. , McCormac, F.G. , van der Plicht, J. and Spurk, M.1998: INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration 24,000-0 cal BP . Radiocarbon40, 1041-1083 .
56.
USDA Forest Service1974: Seeds of the woody plants in the United States. Agricultural Handbook no. 450. Washington, DC; United States Government Printing Office .
57.
van Cleve, K. , Chapin, F.S. , Dyrness, C.T. and Viereck, L.A.1991: Element cycling in taiga forests: state-factor control . BioScience41, 78-88 .
58.
van Cleve, K. , Chapin, F.S. III , Flanagan, P.W.Viereck, L.A. and Dyrness, C.T. , editors 1986: Forest ecosystems in the Alaska taiga: a synthesis of structure and function. New York: Springer-Verlag .
59.
van Cleve, K. , Dyrness, C.T. and Viereck, L.A. , Fox, J. , Chapin, F.S. and Oechel, W.1983: Taiga ecosystems in interior Alaska . BioScience33, 39-44 .
60.
Viereck, L.A. , van Cleve, K. and Dyrness, C.T.1986: Forest ecosystem distribution in the taiga environment. In van Cleve, K. , Chapin, F.S. III , Flanagan, P.W. , Viereck, L.A. and Dyrness, C.T. , editors, Forest ecosystems in the Alaska taiga: a synthesis of structure and function, New York: Springer-Verlag .
61.
Wright, H.E. Jr , Mann, D.H. and Glaser, P.H.1984: Piston corers for peat and lake sediments . Ecology65, 657-659 .
