Validation of a non-linear vehicle dynamics simulation for limit handling

Abstract

This paper discusses the validation of a ground vehicle dynamics computer simulation that includes complete models for sprung and unsprung masses, tyres, suspension, steering and brake systems, and power train including engine, transmission and differentials. The models have been developed over the last decade and have been applied to single-unit passenger cars, trucks and buses, and articulated tractor/trailer vehicles up to limit performance operating conditions. The tyre and vehicle models use composite parameters that are relatively easy to measure. However, the measurements must cover the key operating regime where the simulation is expected to be applied. For example, limit performance manoeuvring conditions require tyre data over large slip conditions and high normal load (beyond the design load) to cover the full range of dynamic operating conditions. Spring and damper response should also take into account large deflections and high velocities respectively to cover relevant non-linearities.