The approximate integral method of von Kármán is adapted to analyse combined forced and free convection laminar flow over a vertical flat plate at a constant temperature. This approach produces relatively simple expressions relating velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction and heat transfer to Pr and Gr/Re2 for the situation where forced convection flow is dominant over free convection. The results of the analysis compare favourably with more exact theoretical treatments and with experiment.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
SparrowE. M.GreggJ. L.‘Buoyancy effects in forced convection flow and heat transfer’, J. appl. Mech., Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs195926 (No. 1), 133.
2.
EshghyS.‘Forced flow effects on free convection flow and heat transfer’, J. Heat Transfer, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs196486, 290.
3.
SzewczykA. A.‘Combined forced and free convection laminar flow’, J. Heat Transfer, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs196486, 50.
4.
SparrowE. M.EichhornR.GreggJ. L.‘Combined forced and free convection in boundary layer flow’, Physics Fluids19592 (No. 3), 319.
5.
SitharamaraoT. L.BarrowH.‘Combined free and forced laminar convection in the entrance region of ducts of constant cross-section’, 26–30, Symp. Heat and Mass Transfer by Combined Forced and Natural Convection 1971 (University of Manchester).
6.
HattonA. P.JamesD. D.SwireW. H.‘Combined forced and natural convection with low speed air flow over horizontal cylinders’, J. Fluid Mech.197042 (Pt 1), 17.
7.
HattonA. P.WoolleyN. H.‘Laminar combined natural and forced convection in a rectangular field’, 47–53, Symp. Heat and Mass Transfer by Combined Forced and Natural Convection 1971 (University of Manchester).
8.
JoshiN. D.SukhatmeS. P.‘An analysis of combined free and forced convection heat transfer from a horizontal circular cylinder to a transverse flow’, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs 71-HT-0.
9.
MerkinJ. H.‘The effect of buoyancy forces on the boundary layer flow over a semi-infinite vertical flat plate in a uniform free stream’, J. Fluid Mech.196935 (Pt 3), 439.
10.
AcrivosA.‘Combined laminar free and forced convection heat transfer in external flows’, A.I.Ch.E. Jl19584, 285.
11.
AcrivosA.‘On the combined effect of forced and free convection heat transfer in laminar boundary layer flows’, Chem. Engng Sci.196621, 343.
12.
KliegelJ. R.‘Laminar free and forced convective heat transfer from a vertical flat plate’, Ph.D. Thesis, 1959, University of California.
