Abstract
Kinetic models, incorporating elementary chemical reactions, are used to predict the concentrations of NO (nitric oxide) and CO (carbon monoxide) in spark-ignition engines during the expansion process. The kinetic equations are*** incorporated in a cycle synthesis computer programme, which can be used to calculate the thermodynamic state and the concentration of a number of species in the burnt gas.
The stability and accuracy of the programme is discussed and the validity of the results is confirmed by comparing the theoretical predictions with experimental results.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Tabaczynski
R. J.
Hoult
D. P.
Kech
J. C.
J. Fluid Mech
1970
42 , 249 .
2.
Daneshyar
H.
Fuller
D. E.
Deckker
B. E. L.
Int. J. Mech. Sci.
1973
15 , 381 .
3.
Newhall
H. K.
‘Kinetics of engine generated nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide’ , Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Combustion 1969 , 603 –13 (The Combustion Institute ).
4.
Spadaccini
L. J.
Chinitz
W.
A.S.M.E. Paper No. 71-WA/FU2, 1972 .
5.
Lavoie
G. A.
Heywood
J. B.
Keck
J. C.
Combust. Sci. Technol.
1970
1 , 313 –26 .
6.
Baulch
D. L.
Drysdale
D. D.
Lloyd
A. C.
High temperature reaction rate data Parts 1–5 1968–70 (Leeds University ).
7.
Newhall
H. K.
Shahed
S. M.
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Combustion 1971 , 381 (The Combustion Institute).
8.
Watfa
M.
‘Cycle synthesis of spark-ignition engines to predict exhaust emissions’ , Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge University , 1974 .
9.
Heywood
J. B.
Mikus
T.
41st Meeting Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft Engines 1973 (AGARD Propulsion and Energetics Panel ).
10.
JANAF Thermochemical Tables. .
11.
Gear
C. W.
‘The automatic integration of stiff ordinary differential equations’ , Proc. Int. Fed. Information Processing Congr. 1968 , A81 –A85 .
12.
Huls
T. A.
Myers
P. S.
Vyehara
O. A.
Vehicle Emissions , Part II 1967 , 71 (SAE Technical Progress Series).
13.
Danehsyar
H.
Watfa
M.
‘Prediction of nitric oxide (NO) concentration in spark-ignition engines’ , Combust. Flame
1974
21 , 395 –98 .
14.
Takagi
T.
Fujii
K.
Ogasawara
M.
Fuel
1973
52 , 294 .