Restriction in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Older Persons: Association with Preferences for Routines and Psychological Vulnerability

Abstract

Disabilities in the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) are frequently observed in older adults. A restriction in the daily life activities in the elderly may be related to a process of routinization induced by homogenization of activities, in addition to its association with emotional states. The relationship between level of functional disability for IADLs and preferences for routines was explored in 207 non-demented French participants (Mage = 84.2 years, age range: 78–96 years) from the PAQUID cohort study. Multinomial regressions analyses showed that preferences for routines were significantly associated with a higher risk of restriction for at least two functional activities, after adjusting for sociodemographic and psychological variables. However, this association was non significant after controlling for cognitive variables. These findings add new elements for understanding the effect of routinization in the disability process in older persons in that preferences for routines could constitute a risk factor of IADL restriction, similar to cognitive decline.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Aguerro-Torres

Thomas

V. S.

Winblad

Fratiglioni

(2002). The impact of somatic and cognitive disorders on the functional status of the elderly. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 55, 1007–1012. doi: 10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00461-4

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., Rev. version) (DSM-III-R). Paris, Masson.

Artero

Touchon

Ritchie

(2001). Disability and mild cognitive impairment: A longitudinal population-based study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 1092–1097. doi: 10.1002/gps.477

Arthanat

Nochajski

S. M.

Stone

(2004). The international classification of functioning, disability and health and its application to cognitive disorders. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26, 235–245. doi: 10.1080/09638280310001644889

Asberg

K. H.

Sonn

(1988). The cumulative structure of personal and instrumental ADL. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 21, 171–177.

Barberger-Gateau

Chaslerie

Dartigues

J. F.

Commenges

Gagnon

Salamon

(1992). Health measures correlates in a French elderly community population: The PAQUID study. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 47, S88–S95. doi: 10.1093/geronj/47.2.S88

Barberger-Gateau

Commenges

Gagnon

Letenneur

Sauvel

Dartigues

J. F.

(1992). Instrumental activities of daily living as a screening tool for cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly community dwellers. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 40, 1129–1134.

Barberger-Gateau

Fabrigoule

Rouch

Letenneur

Dartigues

J. F.

(1999a). Neuropsychological correlates of self-reported performance in instrumental activities of daily living and prediction of dementia. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 54B, 293–303.

Barberger-Gateau

Fabrigoule

Helmer

Rouch

Dartigues

J. F.

(1999b). Functional impairment in instrumental activities of daily living: An early clinical sign of dementia. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 47, 456–462.

10.

Barberger-Gateau

Rainville

Letenneur

Dartigues

J. F.

(2000). Hierarchical model of domains of disablement in the elderly: A longitudinal approach. Disability and Rehabilitation, 22(7), 308–317.

11.

Benton

(1965). Manuel pour l'application du test de rétention visuelle: Applications cliniques et expérimentales. Paris, France: Centre de Psychologie Appliquée.

12.

Bergua

Dartigues

J. F.

Bouisson

(2012). Routinisation profiles in elderly persons: Between adaptation and vulnerability. European Review of Applied Psychology, 62, 183–189. doi: 10.1016/j.erap.2012.04.006

13.

Bergua

Fabrigoule

Barberger-Gateau

Dartigues

J. F.

Swendsen

Bouisson

(2006). Preferences for routines in older people: Associations with cognitive and psychological vulnerability. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 990–998. doi: 10.1002/gps.1597

14.

Bouisson

(2002). Routinisation preferences, anxiety, and depression in an elderly French sample. Journal of Aging Studies, 16, 295–302.

15.

Bouisson

Swendsen

(2003). Routinisation and emotional well-being: An experience sampling investigation in an elderly French sample. The Journal of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58, 280–282. doi: 10.1093/geronb/58.5.P280

16.

Bruchon-Schweitzer

Paulhan

(1993). Inventaire d'anxiété état-trait (forme Y) [Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)]. Paris, France: Consulting Psychologist Press, Edition Française: Editions de Centre de Psychologie Appliquée.

17.

Dartigues

J. F.

Gagnon

Michel

Letenneur

Commenges

Barberger-Gateau

(1991). Le programme de recherche PAQUID sur l'épidémiologie de la démence: Méthodologie et résultats initiaux [The PAQUID research program on the epidemiology of dementia: Methods and first results]. La Revue Neurologique, 147, 225–230.

18.

Dartigues

J. F.

Gagnon

Barberger-Gateau

Letenneur

Commenges

Sauvel

(1992). The PAQUID epidemiological program on brain aging. Neuroepidemiology, 11, 14–18.

19.

Dufouil

Dartigues

J. F.

Fuhrer

(1995). Depressive symptoms in French elderly: An urban/rural comparison. Revue d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 43, 308–315.

20.

Femia

E. E.

Zarit

S. H.

Johansson

(2001). The disablement process in very late life: A study of the oldest-old in Sweden. Journal of Gerontology B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 56, 12–23. doi: 10.1093/geronb/56.1.P12

21.

Folstein

M. F.

Folstein

S. E.

McHugh

P. R.

(1975). Mini Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6

22.

Fuhrer

Rouillon

(1989). La version française de l'échelle CESD. Description et traduction de l'échelle d'autoévaluation [The Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression Scale – French validation]. Psychiatrie et Psychobiologie, 4, 163–166.

23.

Hertzog

Van Alstine

Usala

P. D.

Hultsch

D. F.

Dixon

(1990). Measurement properties of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) in older populations. Psychological Assessment, 2, 64–72. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.2.1.64

24.

Hosmer

D. W.

Lemeshow

(2000). Applied logistic regression. New York, NY: Wiley & Sons, Inc.

25.

Isaacs

Akhtar

(1972). The Set Test: A rapid test of mental function in old people. Age and Ageing, 1, 222–226.

26.

Jang

Haley

W. E.

Mortimer

J. A.

Small

B. J.

(2003). Moderating effects of psychosocial attributes on the association between risk factors and disability in later life. Aging and Mental Health, 7, 163–170. doi: 10.1080/1360786031000101111

27.

Kastenbaum

R. J.

(1980–1981). Habituation as a model of aging. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 12, 159–170.

28.

Kastenbaum

R. J.

(1984). When aging begins. Research on Aging, 6, 105–117.

29.

Kempen

G. I.

Van Heuvelen

M. J.

Van Sonderen

Van den Brink

R. H.

Kooijman

A. C.

Ormel

(1999). The relationship of functional disability and the moderating effects of psychosocial attributes in community-dwelling older persons. Social Sciences and Medicine, 48, 1161–1172. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.2.1.64

30.

Kiosses

D. N.

Alexopoulos

E. G.

(2005). IADL functions, cognitive deficits, and severity of depression: A preliminary study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13, 244–249. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajgp.13.3.244

31.

Lauderdale

S. A.

Sheikh

J. I.

(2003). Anxiety disorders in older adults. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 19, 721–741.

32.

Lawton

M. P.

Brody

E. M.

(1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist, 9, 179–186.

33.

Mor

Murphy

Masterson-Allen

Willey

Razmpour

Jackson

M. E.

(1989). Risk of functional decline among well elders. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 42, 895–904.

34.

Nourhashemi

Andrieu

Gillette-Guyonnet

Vellas

Albarede

J. L.

Grandjean

(2001). Instrumental activities of daily living as a potential marker of frailty: A study of 7364 community-dwelling elderly women (the EPIDOS study). Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56A, 448–453. doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.7.M448

35.

Ormel

Rijsdijk

F. V.

Sullivan

Van Sonderen

Kempen

G. I.

(2002). Temporal and reciprocal relationship between IADL/ADL disability and depressive symptoms in late life. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 57B, 338–347. doi: 10.1093/geronb/57.4.P338

36.

Peres

Verret

Alioum

Barberger-Gateau

(2005). The disablement process: Factors associated with progression of disability and recovery in French elderly people. Disability and Rehabilitation, 27, 263–276. doi: 10.1080/09638280400006515

37.

Peres

Helmer

Amieva

Orgogozo

J. M.

Rouch

Dartigues

J. F.

(2008). Natural history of decline in instrumental activities of daily living performance over the 10 years preceding the clinical diagnosis of dementia: A prospective population-based study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(1), 37–44. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01499.x

38.

Pfeffer

R. I.

Kurosaki

T. T.

Harrah

C. H.

Chance

J. M.

Filos

(1982). Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. Journal of Gerontology, 37, 323–329. doi: 10.1093/geronj/37.3.323

39.

Radloff

L. S.

(1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 3, 385–401.

40.

Reich

J. W.

Zautra

A. J.

(1991). Analyzing the trait of routinization in older adult. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 32, 161–180.

41.

Spector

W. D.

(1990). Functional disability scales. In Spilker

(Ed.), Quality of life assessments in clinical trials (pp. 115–129). New York, NY: Raven Press Ltd.

42.

Spielberger

C. D.

Gorsuch

R. R.

Lushene

R. E.

(1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

43.

SPSS® Inc (2009) IBM® SPSS® for Windows Release 18.0.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL.

44.

Stanley

M. A.

Beck

J. G.

(2000). Anxiety disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 731–754. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00064-1

45.

Stuck

A. E.

Walthert

J. M.

Nikolaus

Büla

C. J.

Hohmann

Beck

J. C.

(1999). Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people: A systematic literature review. Social Science and Medicine, 48, 445–469. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00370-0

46.

Tournier

Mathey

Postal

(2012). The association between routinization and cognitive resources in later life. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 74, 143–161. doi: 10.2190/AG.74.2.c

47.

Verbrugge

L. M.

Jette

A. M.

(1994). The disablement process. Social Science and Medicine, 38, 1–14. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90294-1

48.

Wechsler

(1945). A standardized memory scale for clinical use. The Journal of Psychology, 19, 87–95.

49.

Wechsler

(1981). WAIS-R manual. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation.

50.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health. Geneva, Switzerland.

51.

Yang

George

L. K.

(2005). Functional disability, disability transitions, and depressive symptoms in late life. Journal of Aging Health, 17, 263–292.

52.

Zazzo

(1964). Test des deux barrages [Test of double cancellation]. Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Delachaux et Nestlé.

53.

Zisberg

Zysberg

Young

H. M.

Schepp

K. G.

(2009). Trait routinization, functional and cognitive status in older adults. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 69, 17–29. doi: 10.2190/AG.69.1.b