Understanding Student Swirl: The Role of Environmental Factors and Retention Efforts in the Later Academic Success of Suspended Students

“Student swirl,” or the inconsistent flow in and out of college coursework from term-to-term, institution-to-institution, reflects the non-traditional nature of many community college students. Swirl can be triggered by such stressors as: balancing work, school, and family obligations; financial challenges; and health problems. In turn, it influences irregular enrollment and lack of academic success. Swirl also occurs intra-institutionally, affected by college re-entry policies once students are suspended for academic reasons. Three initiatives serve as pathways back into college for suspended students at one Midwestern institution. This study explores their effects on success, as well as the role of life challenges, academic-related skills, and student background and commitment to succeed. While retention initiatives affect later performance, factors contributing to intra-institutional swirl playa stronger role. Implications for both student retention and institutional effectiveness are discussed.