Overcoming Obstacles to Single-Subject Experimentation

Kazdin (this issue) discussed two types of problems supposedly associated with the use of randomization tests for single-subject experiments: the random introduction of treatments and the repeated alternation of treatments. Both types of problems represent obstacles to single-subject experimentation, generally, not just to the determination of significance by the randomization test procedure. Ways to reduce the adverse effects associated with the random introduction of treatments and the repeated alternation of treatments are presented.