Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, changes in the western population as the possibility of using endovascular techniques have modified the indications and the operative techniques in all areas of vascular surgery. The classical bypass surgery, which required arterial substitutes, is now less and less used.
So, the goal of the arterial research should not be centered on the search of the ideal substitute, but on improving minimally invasive techniques, as cell therapy and regenerative medicine. All these techniques will be the new treatments of the atherosclerosis disease in the near future.