This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the literature on the types, effects, conditions and user of Open Government Data (OGD). The review analyses 101 academic studies about OGD which discuss at least one of the four factors of OGD utilization: the different types of utilization, the effects of utilization, the key conditions, and the different users. Our analysis shows that the majority of studies focus on the OGD provisions while assuming, but not empirically testing, various forms of utilization. The paper synthesizes the hypothesized relations in a multi-dimensional framework of OGD utilization. Based on the framework we suggest four future directions for research: 1) investigate the link between type of utilization and type of users (e.g. journalists, citizens) 2) investigate the link between type of user and type of effect (e.g. societal, economic and good governance benefits) 3) investigate the conditions that moderate OGD effects(e.g. policy, data quality) and 4) establishing a causal link between utilization and OGD outcomes.
JanssenK. The influence of the PSI directive on open government data: An overview of recent developments. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2011; 28(4): 446-56. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2011. 01.004.
2.
LourençoRP. An analysis of open government portals: A perspective of transparency for accountability. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2015; 32(3): 323-32. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2015.05.006.
3.
WangH, LoJ. Adoption of open government data among government agencies. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2015; Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2015.11.004.
4.
AttardJ, OrlandiF, ScerriS, AuerS. A systematic review of open government data initiatives. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2015; 32(4): 399-418. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2015.07.006.
5.
ZuiderwijkA, JanssenM. A coordination theory perspective to improve the use of open data in policy-making. Chapter: Electronic Government // the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2013; 8074: 38-49. Available from: http://link. springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-40358-3_4.
6.
WhitmoreA. Using open government data to predict war: A case study of data and systems challenges. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2014; 31(4): 622-30. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2014.04.003.
7.
HeiseA, NaumannF. Integrating open government data with stratosphere for more transparency. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. Elsevier B. V. 2012; 14: 45-56. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/ 10.1016/j.websem.2012.02.002.
8.
KuhnK. Open Government Data and Public Transportation. Journal of Public Transportation. 2011; 14(1): 83-97. Available from: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1115&context=jpt.
9.
JaakolaA, KekkonenH, LahtiT, ManninenA. Open data, open cities: Experiences from the helsinki metropolitan area. Case Helsinki Region Infoshare www.hri.fi. Statistical Journal of the IAOS. 2015; 31(1): 117-22. Available from: http://content.iospress.com.proxy.library.uu.nl/articles/statistical-journal-of-the-iaos/sji00873.
10.
NamT. Challenges and concerns of open government: A case of government 30. in Korea. Social Science Computer Review. 2015; 33(5): 556-70. Available from: http://ssc.sagepub.com/content/33/5.toc.
11.
BritoK dos S, CostaMA da S, GarciaVC, MeiraSR de L. Assessing the benefits of open government data: The case of meu congresso nacional in brazilian elections 2014. 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research. 2015; 89-96. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2757422.
12.
HossainMA, DwivediYK, RanaNP. State-of-the-art in open data research: Insights from existing literature and a research agenda. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce. 2016; 26(1-2): 14-40. Available from: https://www-tandfonline-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/doi/abs/10.1080/10919392.2015.1124007?journalCode=hoce20
13.
CharalabidisY, AlexopoulosC, LoukisE. A taxonomy of open government data research areas and topics. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce. 2016; 26(1-2): 41-63. Available from: http://www.tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10.1080/10919392.2015.1124720.
14.
VenkateshV, DavisFD. A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model: Four longitudinal field studies. Management Science. 2000; 46(2): 186-204. Available from: https://www-jstor-org-443.web.bisu.edu.cn/stable/2634758?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
15.
KingWR, HeJ. A meta-analysis of the technology acceptance model. Information & management. 2006; 43: 740-55. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378720606000528.
16.
MartinEG, HelbigN, BirkheadGS. Opening health data: What do researchers want? Early experiences with new york's open health data platform. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. 2015; 21(5): 1-7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25105279.
17.
MatheusR, RibeiroMM, VazJC. Brazil towards government 20: Strategies for adopting open government data in national and subnational governments. Chapter Case Studies in e-Government 20. 2015; 121-38. Available from: https://link-springer-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-08081-9_8#page-1.
18.
JohnsonP, RobinsonP. Civic hackathons: Innovation, procurement, or civic engagement? Review of Policy Research. 2014; 31(4): 349-58. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ropr.12074/abstract.
19.
MilicP, VeljkovicN, StoimenovL. Framework for open data mining in e-government. Proceedings of the Fifth Balkan Conference in Informatics. 2012; 255-8. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2371369.
20.
PalmiraniM, MartoniM, GirardiD. Open government data beyond transparency. Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2014; 8650: 275-91. Available from: https://link-springer-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-10178-1_22.
21.
SchillemansT, van TwistM, VanhommerigI. Innovations in accountability learning through interactive, dynamic, and citizen-initiated forms of accountability. Public Performance & Management Review. 2013; 36(3): 407-35. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/T_Schillemans/publication/260178390_Innovations_in_Accountability/links/54ae90140cf21670b358423f.pdf.
22.
SushaI, GrönlundA, JanssenM. Driving factors of service innovation using open government data: An exploratory study of entrepreneurs in two countries. Information Polity. 2015; 20: 19-34. Available from: http://content.iospress. com/articles/information-polity/ip353.
23.
MagalhaesG, RoseiraC, ManleyL. Business models for open government data. 8th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. 2014; 365-70. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2691195. 2691273.
24.
JetzekT, AvitalM, Bjørn-andersenN. Data-driven innovation through open government data. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2014; 9(2): 100-20. Available from: 10.4067/S0718-18762014000200008.
25.
KalampokisE, TambourisE, TarabanisK. Linked open government data analytics. Chapter Electronic Government Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2013; 8074: 99-110. Available from: http://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-40358-3_9.
26.
CeolinD, MoreauL, O'HaraK, SchreiberG, FokkinkW, Van HageWR, et al. Reliability analyses of open government data. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2013; 1477: 34-9. Available from: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1073/pospaper2.pdf.
27.
ParycekP, HöchtlJ, GinnerM. Open government data implementation evaluation. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2014; 9(2): 80-99. Available from: http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/jtaer/v9n2/art07.pdf.
28.
JocelynC, OliverR, GillianO. Value in the mash: exploring the benefits, barriers and enablers of open data apps. Twenty Second European Conference on Information Systems. 2014; 1-15. Available from: http://ecis2014.eu/E-poster/files/0522-file1.pdf.
29.
SieberRE, JohnsonPA. Civic open data at a crossroads: Dominant models and current challenges. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2015; 32(3): 308-15. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2015.05.003.
30.
LassinanttiJ, Bergvall-kårebornB, StåhlbröstA, Bergvall-kårebornB. Shaping local open data initiatives: Politics and implications. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2014; 9(2): 17-33. Available from: http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/jtaer/v9n2/art03.pdf.
31.
BarryE, BannisterF. Barriers to open data release: A view from the top. Information Polity. 2014; 19(1/2): 129-52. Available from: http://content.iospress.com/articles/information-polity/ip000327.
32.
Gonzalez-ZapataF, HeeksR. The multiple meanings of open government data; Understanding different stakeholders and their perspectives. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2015; 32(4): 441-52. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2015.09.001.
33.
MatheusR, VazJC, RibeiroMM. Open government data and the data usage for improvement of public services in the rio de janeiro city. 8th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. 2014; 338-41. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2691240.
34.
OkoliC, SchabramK. A guide to conducting a systematic literature review of information systems research. 2010; Available from: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1954824.
35.
PetticrewM, RobertsH. Systematic reviews in the social sciences a practical guide. Blackwell Publishing, 2006; 57-70. Available from: http://www.cebma.org/wp-content/uploads/Pettigrew-Roberts-SR-in-the-Soc-Sc.pdf.
36.
GreenhalghT, RobertG, MacfarlaneF, BateP, KyriakidouO, PeacockR. Storylines of research in diffusion of innovation: A meta-narrative approach to systematic review. Social Science & Medicine. 2005; 61(2): 417-30. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953604006471.
37.
VeeckmanC, Van Der GraafS. The city as living laboratory: Empowering citizens with the citadel toolkit. Technology Innovation Management Review. 2015; 5(3): 6-17. Available from: http://timreview.ca/article/877.
38.
IglesiaJL. Alternative estimation of ``public procurement advertised in the Official Journal as % of GDP'' official indicator using open government data. Computers in Industry. Elsevier B.V. 2014; 65(5): 905-12. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.compind.2014.03.004.
39.
De RosnayMD, JanssenK. Legal and institutional challenges for opening data across public sectors: Towards common policy solutions. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2014; 9(3): 1-14. Available from: 10.4067/S0718-18762014000300002.
40.
JanssenM, MatheusR, ZuiderwijkA. Big and open linked data (BOLD) to create smart cities and citizens; insights from smart energy and mobility cases. Chapter: Electronic Government/Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2015; 9248: 79-90. Available from: 10.1007/978-3-319-22479-4.
41.
ZuiderwijkA, JanssenM, PoulisK, KaaGV. Open data for competitive advantage: Insights from open data use by companies. 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research. 2015; 79-88. Available from: http:// dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2757411.
42.
UbaldiB. Open government data: Towards emprical analysis of open government data initiatives. OECD Working Papers on Public Governance. 2013. Available from: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/open-government-data_5k46bj4f03s7-en; jsessionid=2a0q8ghrkd8s.x-oecd-live-02.
43.
GravesA, HendlerJ. A study on the use of visualizations for open government data. Information Polity. 2014; 19: 73-91. Available from: http://content.iospress.com/articles/information-polity/ip000333.
44.
CowanD, PauloA, McGarryF, PalmerRM. Adapting to climate change - an open data platform for cumulative environmental analysis and management. Chapter: Computational Science and its Applications the Series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2015; 9155: 3-15. Available from: https://link-springer-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-21404-7_1.
45.
KolyshkinaI, BrownlowM, TaylorJ. Improving every child's chance in life. 3th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops. 2013; 180-4. Available from: http://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/icdmw/2013/3142/00/3143a1 80.pdf.
46.
PowerR, RobinsonB, RuddL, ReesonA. Scenario planning case studies using open government data, environmental software systems. 11th IFIP WG 511 International Symposium, ISESS 2015. 2015; 448: 207-16. Available from: http:// link-springer-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-15994-2_20.
47.
KalampokisE, HausenblasM, TarabanisK. Combining social and government open data for participatory decision-making. Chapter: Electronic Participation the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2011; 6847: 36-47. Available from: http://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-23333-3_4.
48.
LakomaaE, KallbergJAN. Open data as a foundation for innovation: The enabling effect of free public sector information for entrepreneurs. Access, IEEE. 2013; 1: 558-63. Available from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails. jsp?reload=true&arnumber=6584732.
49.
ChakrabortyA, WilsonB, SarrafS, JanaA. Open data for informal settlements: Toward a user's guide for urban managers and planners. Journal of Urban Management. Elsevier;2015; 4(2): 74-91. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10. 1016/j.jum.2015.12.001.
50.
RajshreeN, SrivastavaB. Open government data for tackling corruption - A perspective. AAAI Workshop - Technical Report. 2012; 21-4. Available from: https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/WS/AAAIW12/paper/viewFile/5326/5676.
51.
MurilloMJ. Evaluating the role of online data availability: The case of economic and institutional transparency in sixteen Latin American nations. International Political Science Review. 2015; 36(1): 42-59. Available from: http://ips. sagepub.com/content/36/1/42.full.pdf+html.
52.
BakiciT, AlmirallE, WarehamJ. A smart city initiative, the case of barcelona. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2013; 4(2): 135-48. Available from: http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13132-012-0084-9.
53.
BalenaP, BonifaziA, MangialardiG. Smart communities meet urban management; harnessing the potential of open data and public/private partnerships through innovative e-governance applications. Chapter: Computational Science and its Applications - the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2013; 7974: 528-40. Available from: http://link. springer.com.proxy.library.uu.nl/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-39649-6_38.
54.
ChanCML. From open data to open innovation strategies: Creating e-services using open government data. 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 2013; 1890-9. Available from: http://www.computer.org/csdl/ proceedings/hicss/2013/4892/00/4892b890.pdf.
55.
RadlW, SkopekJ, KomenderaA, JagerS, ModritscherF. And data for all: On the validity and usefulness of open government data. 3th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies. 2013; (29): 6-9. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2494228&dl=ACM&coll=DL.
56.
MeijerA. Understanding modern transparency. International Review of Administrative Sciences. 2009; 75(2): 255-69. Available from: http://ras.sagepub.com/content/75/2/255.abstract.
57.
JetzekT, AvitalM, Bjørn-AndersenN. Generating value from open government data. International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013) Reshaping Society Through Information Systems Design. 2013; 2: 1737-56. Available from: https://www-scopus-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897679692&partnerID=40&md5=5cac1d6 137ac8136bfa6657f99cb0c5a.
58.
Fuentes-EnriquezR, YaneilethR-R. Developing accountability, transparency and government efficiency through mobile apps: The case of Mexico. 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. 2013; 313-6. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2591944&CFID=731841064&CFTOKEN=49246839.
59.
FungA. Infotopia: Unleashing the democratic power of transparency. Politics & Society. 2013; 41(2): 183-212. Available from: 10.1177/0032329213483107.
60.
FeldmanM, HadjimichaelT, LanahanL, KemenyT. The logic of economic development: A definition and model for investment. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2015; 1-17. Available from: http://epc.sagepub. com/content/early/2015/11/08/0263774X15614653.abstract.
61.
NeuroniAC, RiedlR, BruggerJ. Swiss executive authorities on open government data - policy making beyond transparency and participation. 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. 2013; 1911-20. Available from: https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2013/4892/00/4892b911.pdf.
62.
United Nations. People Matter Civic Engagement in Public Governance. World Public Sector Report 2008. New York; 2008. Available from: http://www.unpan.org/publications/content/PDFs/E-Library Archives/World Public Sector Report series/World Public Sector Report.2008.pdf.
63.
MeijerA, HillebrandtM, CurtinD, BrandsmaGJ. Open government: Connecting discourses on transparency and participation. NIG Conference 2010. 2010; 1-23. Available from: https://www.utwente.nl/nig/research/archive/2010/Papers/ NIG_Conference_Meijer__Hillebrandt__Curtin__Brandsma__15_November_2010__9.pdf.
64.
JanssenM, CharalabidisY, ZuiderwijkA. Benefits, adoption barriers and myths of open data and open government. Information Systems Management. 2012; 530: 258-68. Available from: 10.1080/10580530.2012.716740.
65.
YangT. To open or not to open? Determinants of open government data. Journal of Information Science. 2015; 41(5): 596-612. Available from: http://jis.sagepub.com/content/41/5/596.
66.
AlanaziJM, ChatfieldA. Sharing government-owned data with the public: A cross-country analysis of open data practice in the middle east. 18th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2012 proceedings. 2012; 1-10. Available from: http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1296&context=eispapers.
67.
GrimmelikhuijsenSG, MeijerA. The effects of transparency on the perceived trustworthiness of a government organization: Evidence from an online experiment. Journal of Public Administration Theory and Research. 2014; 24(1): 137-57. Available from: http://jpart.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/11/02/jopart.mus048.
68.
LeveilleV, TimmsK. Through a records management lens: Creating a framework for trust in open government and open government information. Canadian Journal of Information & Library Sciences. 2015; 39(2): 154-90. Available from: https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/canadian_journal_of_information_and_library_ science/v039/39.2.leveille.html.
69.
MeijerR, ConradieP, ChoenniS. Reconciling contradictions of open data regarding transparency, privacy, security and trust. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2014; 9(3): 32-44. Available from: 10.4067/ S0718-18762014000300004.
70.
ZuiderwijkA, JanssenM. Participation and data quality in open data use: Open data infrastructures evaluated. 15th European Conference on e-Government. 2015; Available from: http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid:c3e2530d-eaa2-409b-a700-b7107db7e159/.
71.
ZuiderwijkA, JanssenM. Towards decision support for disclosing data: Closed or open data? Information Polity. 2015; 20: 103-17. Available from: http://content.iospress.com/articles/information-polity/ip358.
72.
BertotJC, GorhamU, JaegerPT, SarinLC, ChoiH. Big data, open government and e-government: Issues, policies and recommendations. Information Polity. 2014; 19(1/2): 5-16. Available from: http://content.iospress.com/journals/ information-polity/19/1,2.
73.
AlexopoulosC, ZuiderwijkA, CharapabidisY, LoukisE, JanssenM. Designing a second generation of open data platforms: Integrating open data and social media. Chapter: Electronic Government Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2014; 8653: 230-41. Available from: http://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-44426-9_19.
74.
ZuiderwijkA, JanssenM, DavisC. Innovation with open data: Essential elements of open data ecosystems. Information Polity. 2014; 19: 17-33. Available from: http://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:288c0ce7-70cf-42b9-90a9-05408edc33a8?collection=research.
75.
CharalabidisY, LoukisE, AlexopoulosC. Evaluating second generation open government data infrastructures using value models. 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Science. 2014; 2114-26. Available from: http:// ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6758865
76.
AndersenA, GürN, HoseK, JakobsenK, PedersenTB. Publishing danish agricultural government data as semantic web data. Chapter: Semantic Technology/the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2015; 8943: 178-86. Available from: https://link-springer-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-15615-6_13.
77.
JanssenM, ZuiderwijkA. Infomediary business models for connecting open data providers and users. Social Science Computer Review. 2014; 32(5): 694-711. Available from: 10.1177/0894439314525902.
78.
MaramieriJ. Open government data: A citizen's right or a concession of public authorities? Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society. 2014; 10(2): 11-22. Available from: http://www.je-lks.org/ojs/index.php/Je-LKS_EN/article/ view/928/874.
79.
DesouzaKC, BhagwatwarA. Citizen apps to solve complex urban problems. Journal of Urban Technology. 2012; 19(3): 107-36. Available from: https://www-tandfonline-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/doi/abs/10.1080/10630732.2012.673056.
80.
MainkaA, HartmannS, MeschedeC, StockWG. Mobile application services based upon open urban government data. iConference 2015 Proceedings. 2015; Available from: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/73635.
81.
VolpiV, IngrossoA, PazzolaM, OpromollaA, MedagliaCM, DesignIR, et al. Roma crash map: An open data visualization tool for the municipalities of rome. Chapter: Human Interface and the Management of Information Information and Knowledge in Applications and Services the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2014; 8522: 284-95. Available from: https://link-springer-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-07863-2_28.
82.
CanaresMP. Opening the local: Full disclosure policy and its impact on local governments in the philippines. 8th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. 2014; 2007. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/ citation.cfm?id=2691214&CFID=731841064&CFTOKEN=49246839.
83.
HenriksenHZ. Scrutinizing open government data to understand patterns in egovernment uptake. Chapter: Electronic Government/Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2015; 2: 144-55. Available from: http://rd.springer.com/chapter/10. 1007/978-3-319-22479-4_11.
84.
KassenM. A promising phenomenon of open data: A case study of the Chicago open data project. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2013; 30(4): 508-13. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.012.
85.
Juell-skielseG, HjalmarssonA, JohannessonP, RudmarkD. Is the public motivated to engage in open data innovation? Chapter: Electronic Government/the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2014; 8653: 277-88. Available from: https://link-springer-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-44426-9_23.
86.
WorthyB. The impact of open data in the UK: Complex, unpredictable, and political. Public Administration. 2015; 93(3): 788-805. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/padm.12166/abstract.
87.
LindersD. Towards open development: Leveraging open data to improve the planning and coordination of international aid. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2013; 30(4): 426-34. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j. giq.2013.04.001.
88.
LeontievaLS, KhalilovaTV, GaynullinaLF, KhalilovAI. Social-communicative innovations in anti-corruption activities (regional aspect). Asian Social Science. 2015; 11(7): 387-93. Available from: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index. php/ass/article/viewFile/46935/25326.
89.
MoodyssonJ, CoenenL, AsheimB. Explaining spatial patterns of innovation: Analytical and synthetic modes of knowledge creation in the medicon valley life-science cluster. Environment and planning. 2008; 40: 1040-57. Available from: http://epn.sagepub.com/content/40/5/1040.abstract.
90.
AlbanoCS. Open government data: A value chain model proposal. The Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research. 2013; 285-6. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id= 2479775&CFID=740751372&CFTOKEN=42598657.
91.
OhemengFLK, Ofosu-AdarkwaK. One way traffic: The open data initiative project and the need for an effective demand side initiative in Ghana. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2015; 32(4): 419-28. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2015.07.005.
92.
BouwmanR, GrimmelikhuijsenS. Experimental public administration from 1992 to 2014: A systematic literature review and ways forward. International Journal of Public Sector Management. 2016; 29(2): 110-31. Available from: dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1108/IJPSM-07-2015-0129.
93.
CarrascoC, SobrepereX. Open government data: An assessment of the spanish municipal situation. Social Science Computer Review. 2015; 33(5): 631-44. Available from: http://ssc.sagepub.com/content/33/5/631.full.pdf+html.
94.
GalbrunE, PelechrinisK, TerziE. Urban navigation beyond shortest route: The case of safe paths. Information Systems. Elsevier. 2015; 1-12. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306437915001854.
95.
GuardaGF, OliveiraEC, de JuniorRTS. Analisys of it outsourcing contracts at the TCU (federal court of accounts) and of the legislation that governs these contracts in the Brazilian federal public administration. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Management. 2015; 12(1): 81-106. Available from: http://www.scilit.net/article/10.4301/s1807-17752015000100005.
96.
HöchtJ, ReichstädterP. Linked open data - a means for public sector information management. Chapter: Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2011; 6866: 330-43. Available from: http://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-22961-9_26.
97.
JetzekT, AvitalM. The generative mechanisms of open government data. Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Information Systems. 2013; 179-90. Available from: http://openarchive.cbs.dk/bitstream/handle/10398/8740/ Avital_2.pdf?sequence=1.
98.
De KoolD, BekkersV. The perceived impact of open inspection data on the quality of education in dutch primary schools: A parent perspective. Social Science Computer Review. 2015; 33(5): 645-59. Available from: 10.1177/08944 39314560853.
99.
KuceraJ, ChlapekD, KlimekJ, NecaskyM. Methodologies and best practices for open data publication. Annual International Workshop on Databases, Texts, Specifications and Objects. 2015; 1343: 52-64. Available from: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1343/.
100.
LindmanJ, KinnariT, RossiM. Industrial open data: Case studies of early open data entrepreneurs. System Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Science. 2014; 739-48. Available from: http:// ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abstractAuthors.jsp?arnumber=6758695.
101.
LofiC, KrestelR. iParticipate: Automatic Tweet Generation from Local Government Data. Chapter: Database Systems for Advanced Applications: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2012; (7239): 295-8. Available from: http://link. springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-29035-0_24.
102.
LourençoRP, PiotrowskiS, IngramsA. Public accountability ICT support: A detailed account of public accountability process and tasks. Chapter: Electronic Government/the series Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2015; 9274(1): 105-17. Available from: https://link-springer-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-22479-4_8.
103.
MatheusR, BrazilPSP, VazJC, De SouzaCA. Anti-corruption online monitoring systems in Brazil. 6th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. 2012; 419-25. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation. cfm?id=2463809.
104.
NahonK, PeledA, ShkabaturJ. OGD heartbeat: Cities' commitment to open data. eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government. 2015; 7(2): 116-36. Available from: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2575510.
105.
O'HaraK. Transparency, Open Data and Trust in Government: Shaping the Infosphere. 4th Annual ACM Web Science Conference. 2012; 223-32. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2380747.
106.
RajshreeN. A computational model for corruption assessment. Workshop on AI Problems and Approaches for Intelligent Environments and Workshop on Semantic Cities (conference). 2013; 49-54. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/ citation.cfm?id=2516917.
107.
Van SchalkwykF. Supply-side variants in the supply of open data in university governance. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. 2013; 334-7. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/ citation.cfm?id=2591948.
108.
ShepherdE. Freedom of information, right to access information, open data: Who is at the Table? The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs. 2015; 104(6): 715-726. Available from: https://www-tandfonline-com.web.bisu.edu.cn/doi/pdf/10. 1080/00358533.2015.1112101.
109.
ShumB, AbererK, SchmidtA, BishopS, LukowiczP. Towards a global participatory platform Democratising open data, complexity science and collective intelligence. The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 2012; 214(1): 109-52. Available from: http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjst/e2012-01690-3.
110.
SolarM, ConchaG, MeijueiroL. A model to assess open government data in public agencies. Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Chapter Electronic government. 2012; 7443: 210-21. Available from: http://rd.springer.com/chapter/10. 1007/978-3-642-33489-4_18.
111.
SushaI, ZuiderwijkA, JanssenM, GronlundA. Benchmarks for evaluating the progress of open data adoption: Usage, limitations, and lessons learned. Social Science Computer Review. 2015; 33(5): 613-30. Available from: 10.1177/08 94439314560852.
112.
VertS, VasiuR. Integrating linked open data in mobile augmented reality applications - a case study. TEM Journal - Technology, Education, Management, Informatics. 2015; 4(1): 35-43. Available from: http://www.tem-journal.com/ archives/vol4no1.html.
113.
ViscusiG, SpahiuB, MaurinoA, BatiniC. Compliance with open government data policies: An empirical assessment of Italian local public administrations. Information Polity. 2014; 19: 263-75. Available from: http://content.iospress.com/ articles/information-polity/ip000338.
114.
WirtzBW, PiehlerR, ThomasM, DaiserP, WirtzBW, PiehlerR, et al. Resistance of public personnel to open government: A cognitive theory view of implementation barriers towards open government data. Public Management Review. 2015; (December). Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1080/14719037.2015.113889.
115.
YangT-M, LoJ, WangH-J, ShiangJ. Open data development and value-added government information: Case studies of taiwan e-government. ICEGOV '13 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance. 2013; 238-41. Available from: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2591932.
116.
ZuiderwijkA, JanssenM, DwivediYK. Acceptance and use predictors of open data technologies: Drawing upon the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Government Information Quarterly. Elsevier Inc. 2015; 32(4): 429-40. Available from: https://dx-doi-org.web.bisu.edu.cn/10.1016/j.giq.2015.09.005.
