Abstract
This paper deals with the effect on resistance of hull roughnesses, including the effect of structural roughnesses on all-riveted and all-welded shells and of paint and other local roughnesses which frequently occur.
It is shown that the calculated reduction in resistance due to the elimination of structural roughnesses is in good agreement with conclusions based on ship trial data.
The paper also shows the marked variation in the effect of structural roughness on large ships compared with small ships and suggests that the modern flush-welded ship with a good paint finish on top of clean bare steel will have a resistance considerably above that of a perfectly smooth surface.
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