Abstract
This study aims to explore the quality evaluation of PE classroom teaching in colleges and universities. The evaluation index system of college PE class-room teaching quality was built by using the application of the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight of each level index, combined with gray system theory and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to establish the evaluation method for the study. Taking a college as an example, according to the above methods, the quality of PE teaching was evaluated. The evaluation results show that the quality of PE teaching of the sample is in good and middle level, close to good level. The evaluation index system, index weight and evaluation method have higher applicability.
Introduction
College sports, as an important institution of colleges and universities to cultivate competitive talents, shoulder the special mission entrusted by the times and the society and the specific needs of student individual’s physical and mental development. The classroom teaching quality evaluation as the basic quality of education control work, not only an important part of teaching management, but also an important way of communicate with teachers, students and managers. Whether it can play the above effects, the key is whether the evaluation is scientific, standardized, and feasible and evaluation of the reliability and whether validity of the results is ideal. At present, the domestic and foreign scholars mainly using the following methods on the teaching quality evaluation of college PE classroom: AHP [1], WRS-system methodology [2], factor analysis [3], SERVQUAL model [4], gray system correlation method [5], fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method [6] and so on. However, most scholars have basically adopted only one single method to evaluate and have not yet formed an evaluation index system that can comprehensively and systematically reflect the teaching content, teaching methods, teaching attitude, professional accomplishment and teaching effect of college physical education classroom. In view of this, the author through the questionnaire survey, and reference to a large number of literature on the basis of the establishment of college physical education classroom teaching quality evaluation index system, to combine the gray system theory and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to establish the college physical education classroom teaching quality evaluation model, taking a college physical education as an example, to evaluate the quality of teaching.
Build the index system and determine the weight of the index
Construction of the index system
The quality of PE teaching in colleges and universities is a reflection of the comprehensive quality of college PE teacher’s teaching contents, teaching methods, teaching attitude, professional accomplishment and teaching effect. At present, there are the following problems in the evaluation of the quality of PE classroom teaching in colleges and universities: First, it is too much emphasis on the “evaluation” of students themselves, ignoring the “self-evaluation” of teachers’ participation; Second, the same evaluation index system is used for different categories of courses [7]; Third, validity and reliability of college students online evaluation is not high, evaluation of teachers to become an impression of the emotional attitude of teachers survey, ignoring the students learning and teaching effectiveness of the verification [8]. In view of this, the author draws on the theory of modern education evaluation and modern education management theory, and reference to a large number of university research results that scholars studied on the teaching quality evaluation, according to the specific characteristics of college physical education, by taking the original indicators into the questionnaire form in the long-term college physical education Management of the professor to investigate (issue 50 questionnaires, 48 valid questionnaires). Through the detailed analysis of the survey results, establish the college PE classroom teaching quality as the target layer, taking the teaching content, teaching methods, teaching attitude, professional quality, teaching effect as the element layer, the classroom content can reflect the project features, core technology and typical laws And other 10 indicators for the index layer of multi-level evaluation system (Table 1).
Evaluation Index System of College PE Classroom Teaching Quality
Evaluation Index System of College PE Classroom Teaching Quality
The determination of fitness degree of each index is closely related to the credibility of the final comprehensive evaluation results. To this end, the author first make levels of indicators in the form of expert interviews invited long-term college sports teaching and research experts in accordance with the 1–9 scale method of the relative importance of their two indicators to score, after a detailed analysis of the future structure and then combine the Yaahp software in the adoption of consistency test under the premise of the various levels of indicators to calculate the weight (Table 1).
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of college PE classroom teaching quality based on gray system theory
The gray system theory is applied to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the quality of PE teaching in colleges and universities; especially the fuzzy relation matrix of evaluation index is established by using the gray system and whitening right function in gray system theory. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is a kind of system evaluation method. Based on the fuzzy mathematics, the fuzzy variable principle is used to quantitatively determine the membership relation of the elements. After the linear weighting transformation, we weaken the independence between the different indexes and the various levels, and then make the final evaluation results in all indicators, the level of synergies under the formation of [9]. Therefore, based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this paper combines the gray system theory to determine the fuzzy relation matrix of the evaluation index, and then evaluates the quality of college PE teaching. The evaluation steps are as follows [10, 11].
Set up factor sets, evaluation sets
According to Table 1 college PE classroom teaching quality evaluation index system, the author set the factor set as composed of five subsets: A = { B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 }, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5. Respectively, teaching content, teaching methods, teaching attitude, professional quality, teaching effect. The five subsets are composed of three subsets: B1 = { C1, C2 }, C1, C2, Respectively, said the classroom teaching to reflect the characteristics of the project, the core technology and typical laws, classroom teaching to meet student needs, keep up with the latest developments in sports, and so on B2, B3, B4, B5.
Author set the evaluation of the following four levels: excellent, good, medium and poor, V = { V1, V2, V3, V4 } T.
Determine the weight set of the evaluation factors
Combining the weight of each level indicator in Table 1, the author determines the weight set of each level: the weight set of the feature layer to the target layer UA = { WB1, WB2, WB3, WB4, WB5 } = {0.086, 0.212, 0.153, 0.115, 0.434}. The weight set of the indicator layer to the feature layer UB i (i = 1, ⋯ , 5), in it UB1 ={ WC1, WC2 } = { 0.603, 0.397 }, and so on UB2, UB3, UB4, UB5.
Establish a fuzzy relation matrix
The fuzzy correspondence between the factor set and the evaluation set is the fuzzy relation matrix:
In formula (1), r C 1 V 1 indicates the membership C1 of the set of factors U on the evaluation V i of the level of membership i = 1, …, 10. j = 1, 2, 3, 4 is excellent, good, moderate, poor. In view of the indicators in Table 1 are qualitative indicators, the determination of its membership, and the author with the gray system theory to determine. The specific method is as follows:
First of all, the use of interviews in the form of college sports invited 10 experts in the field of indicators to score, in order to obtain qualitative indicators of the assessment value, and then establish the evaluation matrix. Scoring range is from 1 to 10. The assessor’s score (X) for the evaluation index (i) is recorded as m
xi
, and the evaluation matrix M is:
Secondly, according to the actual assessment of the assessment of gray matter, to determine the assessment of gray class is to determine the gray level of ash, ash gray and whitening right function. Based on the actual assessment of the problem set to assess the gray number: e (e = 1, 2, 3, …, g), That is, there are g (number) assessment of gray class. The number of gray is not a number, but a number set, a range.
Using fe (mxi) to express the weight of the evaluation criteria that m
xi
belongs to e (e = 1,2,3, ... ,g), use p
ie
to express Gray statistical method to determine the gray number of whitening weight function, Using the gray statistics representing the evaluation matrix, as for qualitative indicators, can get:
The evaluation index (i), the gray evaluation right is:
Then the evaluation weight vector is:
And then constructs the gray evaluation weight matrix of the evaluation index (fuzzy relation matrix):
The evaluation steps are as follows: Firstly, the fuzzy relation matrix is combined with the evaluation set vector to obtain the result, and then the weight vector of the index layer is combined with the above results to obtain the fuzzy relation matrix of the element layer, that is:
Among them, RC1 - 2 = Rm(1-2)gV, RC3-4, RC5-6, RC7-8, RC9-10, and so on.
Finally, the weight set o9f the feature layer is combined with the corresponding fuzzy relation matrix to get the fuzzy relation matrix of the target layer, that is: RA = UARB1 -5.
Take the domestic a university as an example, and evaluate the quality of its physical education classroom according to the above steps. 10 experts in the field of college sports were invited to evaluate the quality of PE classroom teaching in a colleges and universities. Most experts considered a college to be above the middle level and to score 10 indicators get Sample evaluation matrix (M):
Based on practical experience and expert advice, four evaluations of gray are specified (g = 4), respectively: excellent, good, medium and poor. The corresponding rating level is:
The corresponding gray and whitening weights are shown in Table 2.
Whitening right function
From the evaluation matrix M and the whitening weight function, the gray evaluation weight matrix (fuzzy relation matrix) is obtained by calculating the available evaluation index:
First by the fuzzy relation matrix and evaluation set vector synthesis RC1 - 2, that is:
Similarly available RC3-4, RC5-6, RC7-8, RC9-10, and then by the corresponding indicator layer weight vector and synthesis RB as:
Finally get RA = 6.415. By the evaluation of gray level a college physical education classroom teaching quality in good, between, close to a good level.
Through the above evaluation we can see: A college physical education classroom teaching quality evaluation value is 6.415, close to a good level, consistent with the actual situation in order to make the evaluation results and the actual match. It shows that the evaluation index system, index weight and evaluation method have higher applicability, but still should be further improved by the determination of the index system and the index weight, so that the evaluation result is more realistic and the goal of improving the teaching quality and improving the teaching quality.