Application of corporate image integrating Zigbee technology in brand APP interface design using IoT technology

Abstract

In modern social APP interface design, how to effectively improve the corporate image and create the connotation of corporate culture is a significant key problem. With the emergence of APP, a growing number of people use them, increasing communication energy usage and slowing network operation. To improve app compatibility and speed, it is necessary to combine it with the most advanced and dependable technology, such as ZigBee, which is regarded as the best solution for wireless sensor networks. The ZigBee protocol is primarily used to incorporate working and data transmission in wireless sensor networks that are based on ZigBee technology. As a result, incorporating ZigBee technology into APP interface design in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain can significantly improve brand APP interface design’s network operation efficiency. This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the performance and corporate image of brand mobile applications (APPs) by integrating ZigBee technology. The primary objective is to improve the operating efficiency and user experience of the brand APPs. The study involves a comparison between 10 brand APPs that have not integrated ZigBee technology and 10 brand APPs that have adopted ZigBee technology. The experimental results indicate that the operating efficiency of the brand APPs incorporating ZigBee technology is 97%, while the efficiency of the brand APPs without ZigBee technology is 85%, resulting in a notable difference of 12%. To assess the effectiveness of ZigBee technology integration, the study conducted experiments with 100 users, randomly assigned to interact with both types of brand APPs. The user feedback and observations revealed that brand APPs integrated with ZigBee technology exhibit significantly higher operating efficiency, contributing to a 12% improvement over their counterparts lacking ZigBee integration. Moreover, 90 out of 100 users reported a preference for the brand APPs integrated with ZigBee technology due to their superior user experience. The integration of ZigBee technology in brand APPs not only enhances the user experience but also contributes to the improvement of the company’s corporate image. Adopting ZigBee technology in brand APPs is a valuable strategy that can facilitate the long-term development and success of the company.

Keywords

APP interface ZigBee technology Internet of Things Clustering Algorithm LEACH algorithm Internet

1 Introduction

The ability to integrate diverse information latest technology and link mobile devices and computers makes it possible to develop a wide range of imaginative and creative applications. The Internet of Things (IoT) idea has piqued people’s desire to investigate new programs. Some scholars are focused on creating a brand-new framework for these possible applications, while other models have already been put forth, put into practice, and evaluated. Amongst these, wireless sensor networks have gained prominence, consisting of a significant number of low-power, small sensors with the ability to monitor range that is primarily used to accomplish the objective of tracking and gathering data from the monitoring thing in the detection range. These sensor nodes are placed fixed or arbitrarily throughout the area under observation and work together to create a self-organizing framework using wireless communication [1, 2]. There is good collaboration between the sensor nodes. Using various types of fully integrated sensors, the sensor nodes can trace temperature, moisture, light levels, quality of water, and many other fascinating physical objects. Wireless sensor networks can connect to the Internet or established mobile networks by connecting access points and transferring gathered information to terminal users [3]. Because of these characteristics, wireless sensor networks are increasingly used within armed services, mobile control systems, environmental control, smart homes, precision farming, and other fields.

Besides the above, with the improvement and development of society and technology, the development of high technology and the Internet has prompted the widespread use of mobile phones. Therefore, APP has gradually entered the life of the public and has become an indispensable part of public life. At the same time, the corporate marketing strategy also changes from the traditional marketing strategy. That is, the seller-based model has been transformed into a modern marketing strategy that adjusts product price and quality according to the buyer’s requirements. It includes the internal quality of the product, the visual design of the external image packaging, as well as the connotation and service spirit, etc. Mobile applications are an important way for enterprises to attract mobile client users and occupy the user’s mobile Internet access and time. Therefore, the vigorous development of APP has opened up a new form of communication for corporate image publicity [4]. The corporate brand APP in IoT domain combines its own advantages and user needs to customize the information of interest for users. It thus increases the user’s desire to purchase and meets the needs of the user. The personalized design according to the needs of different users will make users feel at home in front of the electronic screen, and the application of the visual design of the corporate image in the interface will enhance the user’s brand awareness. The public is increasingly dependent on mobile phones, and most people spend an average of four to five hours a day on mobile phones, or even more. Therefore, when users browse the APP, the visual elements of the enterprise are applied in the interface design of the APP. High-frequency appearance in the user’s field of vision can not only improve the exposure rate of the company but also help the user’s brand memory. It is conducive to implanting the brand into the user’s consciousness, and at the same time, it is helpful for the brand promotion and product promotion of the enterprise. The innovation of this paper is to integrate ZigBee technology and corporate image to improve the efficiency and use the effect of brand APP interface design. The clustering algorithm and ZigBee routing algorithm are mentioned in the method and compared in the experiment, it is found that the performance of the ZigBee routing algorithm is better than that of the clustering algorithm. The contributions of the work are summarize as:

Improved Corporate Image: The paper addresses the significant key problem of enhancing corporate image through app interface design. By incorporating ZigBee technology, the brand APP can demonstrate innovation and the adoption of advanced and dependable technology, which can positively influence users’ perception of the company.

Connotation of Corporate Culture: Through the integration of ZigBee technology, the brand APP can convey a message of technological sophistication and a forward-thinking approach. This can help align the app’s design with the company’s corporate culture, providing a consistent and cohesive experience to users.

Enhanced Network Operation Efficiency: The paper highlights that the use of ZigBee technology can lead to improved network operation efficiency for the brand APP. This is crucial as modern apps often deal with a large number of users and data, and optimizing network performance is essential for a smooth user experience.

Compatibility and Speed: By using ZigBee technology, the brand APP can achieve better compatibility and speed, which are essential factors for user satisfaction. Faster and more responsive apps tend to retain users better and lead to increased positive feedback.

IoT Integration: The paper explores the integration of ZigBee technology in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) domain. This connection with IoT can further enhance the brand’s image as a tech-savvy and future-oriented organization.

Empirical Evidence: The paper provides experimental results, comparing the operating efficiency and user experience of 10 brand APPs that incorporate ZigBee technology with 10 brand APPs that do not. This empirical evidence reinforces the advantages of incorporating ZigBee technology.

User Perception and Satisfaction: The research findings show that a significant majority (90 out of 100 users) believe that the use effect of brand APPs integrated with ZigBee technology is better. This user feedback can be essential for gaining user trust and loyalty.

Long-Term Development: By incorporating advanced technology like ZigBee, the paper argues that companies can promote their long-term development. Staying at the forefront of technology and user experience can contribute to sustained success in the competitive digital landscape.

The rest of paper is organize as; section 2 presents the related work in literature, section 3 discuss the methodology, section 4 present experiment of integrating zigbee technology in brand APP interface design and section 5 concludes the work.

2 Related works

The Internet of Things can be used for a variety of purposes. Smart Life is one of the IoT-enabled uses that aim to simplify people’s lives easier. A large number of papers in the literature suggested the creation and execution of the gateway of IoT. There are, however, numerous distinctions between marketing IoT gateways and the established IoT-based APP. It has been found that the corporate image and the interface design in the brand APP are mutually reinforcing. Rana et al. [5] found that corporate image has always been of great significance to the industry due to the large-scale expansion of companies in various fields. In the rapidly developing Chinese economy, corporate image has become an important factor in global competitiveness, and there is a significant relationship between branding and corporate image building. Lee and Kim [6] examined the impact of corporate image on customer satisfaction. He used SPSS for analysis with the help of questionnaires and found that customer satisfaction was positively correlated with corporate image. Therefore, he proposed to change the company’s existing customer satisfaction system. Yldz and Day [7] found that branded apps play an important role in meeting the consumer needs of individuals and businesses. The quality of service provided by a brand APP can positively improve corporate profits. Corporate image and customer satisfaction directly affect the repurchase of services. The research of Edar et al. [8] aimed to determine the impact of branded apps on service quality, customer satisfaction and corporate image, and the type of data he uses is quantitative data. The results show that brand APP and corporate image have a significant positive impact on customer loyalty. The design and deployment of an adaptive traffic-management system (ATM) based on ML and IoT are presented by UK Lilhore. The suggested system’s architecture is built on three key components: vehicles, infrastructure, and events. The design makes use of a number of scenarios to address every potential problem with the transportation system. The DBSCAN clustering algorithm, which is based on machine learning, is also used by the proposed ATM system to find any unintentional anomalies. The suggested ATM model continuously modifies the timing of traffic signals based on the volume of traffic and anticipated movements from neighboring crossings. By progressively allowing cars to cross green lights, it considerably reduces travel time. It also eases traffic congestion by creating a smoother transition [9]. According to F. Sanchez-Sutil A LoRaWAN-based smart plug (SP) that is prepared for the Internet of Things has been created. In order to achieve energy efficiency, the Smart Plug for LoRaWAN (SPLW) was created to measure and manage the energy used by electrical loads in homes, offices, hotels, hospitals, etc. SPLW tracks a number of electrical metrics, including voltage, current, power, and energy, and delivers real-time data to the cloud [10]. Winarno et al. [11] found that the competition among enterprises is showing an increasing trend, and each enterprise must be able to create a certain degree of satisfaction and loyalty for its service users. His research aimed to determine the impact of service quality and corporate image on creating customer satisfaction and loyalty. The results show that service quality is a decisive factor in customer satisfaction. Scholars have found a necessary link between corporate image and branded apps. A good corporate image can promote the development of brand APP, and the development of brand APP can bring a good corporate image. So the relationship between the two is complementary. Scholars have no actual case to illustrate this.

As an emerging technology in wireless sensor networks, ZigBee technology has developed rapidly and expanded to various fields by virtue of its advantages of low cost, low power consumption and short delay, and its application prospect is relatively broad. Vayssade et al. introduced a low-cost method using only ZigBee transmitters. The proposed solution enables detection of errors [12]. A multi-node architecture based on fog computing and designed by Vikas Khullar for the Internet of Things (IoT) was used for real-time initial screening and recording of such subjects. Along with the face photos, the suggested device may also collect the user’s current body temperature and location information [13]. Wu and Guo [14] analyzed that the performance of conventional airport navigation lighting system can no longer meet the functional requirements of the airport in emergency state. He proposed an optimized routing algorithm. In order to reduce the number of hops of broadcast packets, he adopted the ZigBee protocol. The block pattern utilized for saffron growing in a hydroponic medium is presented, and K Kour described a full hardware-based framework, the growth cycle of the crop, along with all the sensors. The crucial aspects of a hydroponic medium, such as the necessary flow rate and fertilizer content, are covered in detail. The sensor setups, performance metrics, and sensor-based saffron cultivation model are all explained in detail for the first time in this study. The study examines many metrics pertaining to the choice, use, and function of sensors in various Internet of Things-based saffron farming processes. For the growth of saffron, a clever hydroponic system is suggested [15]. Xue et al. [16] detailed a liquid fertilizer spreader based on ZigBee technology. His hosted computer with remote control software monitors and controls the output of liquid fertilizer, and analyzes the influence of parameters such as fertilization depth and fertilization pressure on the precise flow control. Bianchi et al. [17] found that in recent years, ZigBee technology has become more and more popular. The technology can be effectively used in the field of smart home, and the radio technology can be widely adopted. It also provides a solution to the user positioning problem. Scholars have proposed that ZigBee technology has a wide range of applications in various fields. Especially in network communication, using ZigBee technology can improve the speed and stability of communication. Therefore, applying it to the brand APP interface design can improve the efficiency of the device and attract more customers. The goal of K Tang exploration is to satisfy public demand for sports consumption. The Internet of Things (IoT) platform and blockchain technology are first introduced, together with the sports marketing idea. The next step is to build a sports marketing plan based on the IoT platform and blockchain (Blockchain of Things, or BoT). Finally, the analysis of the sports marketing strategy’s affecting aspects and an examination of its technical impact are presented [18]. Manisha Goswami [19] provides an overview of how traditional healthcare is evolving toward engaged medicine by deploying sensors (ambient, wearable, and implantable) across the local environment in order to monitor patients’ health and initiate distant therapy. Edge computing and the Internet of Things are used to handle the enormous volume of cloud storage. Recent research has demonstrated that the combination of the cloud and IoT has a substantial impact on remote healthcare. This survey research focuses on the various ways that edge computing IoT devices might enhance human health while assuring the precision of prescription drugs and their delivery.

3 Methodology

3.1 Suggested system architecture and functionality

This paper introduces an IoT-based APP interface that is incorporated with ZigBee communication interfaces, Ethernet, and Wi-Fi-related protocols to create a smart life using IoT skills. This section describes the proposed IoT-based APP interface’s system architecture by detailing its functions and layout. The planned IoT-based APP interface is joined with the technologies used in IoT intelligent home uses, as highlighted in Fig. 1. According to this diagram, the IoT-based APP interface supports three types of heterogeneous network communications, including ZigBee Ethernet and Wi-Fi. By using this interface, a low-power ZigBee home network can be created to control home appliances. Following that, remote and local users can gain access to regulate ZigBee-based devices at home via the ZigBee agent implanted in the IoT-based APP interface.

Fig. 1

Architecture of proposed IoT-based APP using ZigBee technology.

As illustrated in the figure above, this paper describes the creation of an IoT-based APP interface in which we integrated the ZigBee agent into an established Wi-Fi based APP. The established agent allows remote handlers to regulator connected devices of ZigBee over the Internet. The Management Module for UPnP Device is implanted in the IoT-based APP interface of the ZigBee agent, allowing ZigBee device data to be broadcasted onto the system and thus these devices to communicate wirelessly. Furthermore, by using the UPnP protocol, remote devices can explore ZigBee devices. The ZigBee agent is made up of five units. Reflect the following scenario: a user wishes to regulate a few ZigBee devices at home by sending instructions to the IoT based APP through the use of Ethernet or Wi-Fi. The Control Module for Serial Port allows ZigBee USB dongles to read and write data. When the IoT-based APP interface receives a command from a user, the Command Procedure Module sends it to the Serial Port Control Module. The command Process Module exchanges and then executes the command from the ZigBee transmitter using the functionality provided by the Serial Port Control Module. Following that, the Device Management Module sends a command to the Command Process Module, which retrieves information from ZigBee devices and sends it to the UPnP Hardware Organization Unit and HTTP Command Procedure Unit. If the consumer command was sent via HTTP, the HTTP Command Procedure Module implements the command first and returns the outcomes to get the data from the ZigBee devices. Moreover, the Channel Allocation Unit implements the channel utilization negotiating process function among Wi-Fi and ZigBee networks. Furthermore, the Emergency Procedure Unit switches the ZigBee network from power-saving mode to emergency mode, increasing the number of chances for sensors to report information readings.

3.2 Routing algorithm based on ZigBee technology

The development of mobile client APPs is gradually infiltrating all areas of public necessities, such as online shopping, life sharing and food discovery, news, travel planning, maps and navigation, weather inquiry, health and life, sharing economy, etc. Today’s APP can be described as all-encompassing [20]. The functions that users previously realized through computers, such as obtaining information, shopping online, finding routes, and sending emails, can now be realized through mobile phones, and APPs meet the needs of people’s daily life. According to the current trend in China, APP has a large market for enterprises to expand. The elements of corporate image are shown in Fig. 2:

Fig. 2

Elements of corporate identity.

As shown in Fig. 2: China’s APP functional development has been ranked in the forefront of the world, and various functional APPs such as online payment and shared bicycles are constantly bred and grown in China and bring huge benefits. Now due to the competition of many enterprises, in addition to the competition of internal quality, external packaging and publicity have become a link that cannot be ignored [21]. More and more consumers put visual publicity and product quality on the same level, and both are indispensable when purchasing. Therefore, modern enterprises also pay more attention to the satisfaction of the inner needs of the public and the psychological requirements of consumers’ aesthetic aesthetics in their daily lives, as shown in Fig. 3:

Fig. 3

Brand APP design incorporating corporate image.

As shown in Fig. 3: Small and medium-sized micro-enterprises in modern China are developing rapidly, large-scale enterprises are increasingly diversified and internationalized, and market competition is intensifying [22]. The corporate image occupies a very important key factor in the industry, and many companies try to highlight their own characteristics. No matter in advertising, publicity and management, a lot of energy is spent. Many companies have established corporate image strategic brand agencies. In particular, the systematic application of corporate image design norms with corporate logos as the core generates this additional cultural image force of brand aesthetics “soft value".

3.2.1 Clustering Algorithm Based on ZigBee Technology

ZigBee technology is an emerging technology between Bluetooth and WiFi, which is mainly used in the field of automatic control and remote control [23]. It is an embedded device, and the communication distance of each node varies according to the adjustable power of the module. Now the highest transmission distance can be as high as about 1000 meters, but if the distance increases, the corresponding transmit power will also increase. The power consumption of the node increases, which has a great impact on the life of the node [24]. Therefore, the power consumption level of the node should be designed according to the actual application of the project to prolong the life cycle of the entire network, as shown in Fig. 4:

Fig. 4

Schematic diagram of ZigBee technology.

As shown in Fig. 4: Node is an important element of ZigBee network, because most of the nodes are arranged in harsh environments, the power supply of nodes in the network usually cannot be charged or replaced. Therefore, energy efficiency is the key to the life and cost of ZigBee networks. Only by solving the problem of energy can ZigBee networks play the greatest role in applications [25].

In ZigBee network, the residual energy of nodes directly affects the performance of the network. Therefore, many experts and scholars in the world are now devoted to the research of rational and full utilization of energy to make the network more efficient. The nodes in the ZigBee network are arranged in the monitoring area at one time, which makes it difficult to supply energy to the nodes. Therefore, it is more obvious that the node has high energy requirements [26]. A typical clustering topology diagram is shown in Fig. 5:

Fig. 5

Typical cluster topology diagram.

As shown in Fig. 5: When the existing ZigBee network is in large-scale networking, due to the large number of nodes, the data of a large number of nodes are aggregated to the gateway node. There may be data collision, resulting in packet loss, which greatly affects the stability of the entire network. Since each routing protocol has its own advantages and disadvantages, it is impossible to universally apply to every situation. This paper should improve and optimize the routing protocol according to different situations [27].

The cluster head node consumes a certain amount of energy when maintaining intra-cluster routing and inter-cluster routing. This will cause the load of some clusters to be too large, and the load of some clusters to be too light, which will affect the stability of the network, such as formula 1: $LBF = \frac{n_{c}}{\sum_{i} {(a_{i} - u)}^{2}}$ (1)

LBF represents the quantified load balancing degree, n_c represents the number of cluster head nodes in the network, a_i represents the number of members in the entire cluster, and u is the number of neighbor nodes between cluster head nodes, as shown in formula 2: $LBF = \frac{n_{c}}{\sum_{i} {(a_{i} - u)}^{2}}$ (2)

In the formula, N represents the number of all nodes in the entire network. The larger the value of LBF, the better the load balance of the network. In addition to some of the above-mentioned main indicators of node design, some are also indispensable, such as convergence, data fusion, accuracy and node security design. This should be considered in the process of designing nodes [28].

In this paper, the trilateral positioning method based on RSSI ranging is used. In the measurement of distance, the model such as formula 3 is selected in this paper: $RSSI = - (10 n lg d + A)$ (3)

Then the size of the distance d from the emission point is formula 4: $d = 10^{\frac{(| RSSI | - A)}{10 * n}}$ (4)

In the formula, A is the strength of the signal transmitted by the transmitter to the node at 1 m, and its value ranges from 45 to 49. n is a constant, which means that the signal transmission has a certain relationship with the environment, and its value is between 3.25 and 4.5. After calculating the distance between the node and the transmitting point node, the coordinate value of the node is obtained according to the trilateral positioning algorithm [29].

According to the division of clusters, when the initial state of the network is known, the coordinate position of the coordinator is (0, 0), and the position coordinate of another beacon node is set as (a₁, b₁). Since four beacon nodes are arranged in the network, only two of them are used in this paper, which is formula 5: $d_{1} = \sqrt{{(a - a_{1})}^{2} + {(b - b_{1})}^{2}}$ (5)

According to the above formula, the coordinate position of the unknown node can be obtained as formula 6: $[\begin{matrix} a \\ b \end{matrix}] = {[\begin{matrix} 2 (a_{1} - a_{3}) & 2 (b_{1} - b_{3}) \\ 2 (a_{2} - a_{3}) & 2 (b_{2} - b_{3}) \end{matrix}]}^{2}$ (6)

So far, the position coordinates of all nodes in the network can be obtained through such an algorithm. When the nodes are partitioned according to the specific needs of the project, the entire network can be divided into K equal parts according to the needs [30]. The purpose of this is to make the clustering of the whole network more uniform and avoid the overlapping of clusters. Assuming that the entire network is divided into uniform n equal parts, that is, n clusters, the size of the sector angle θ of each cluster is formula 7: $θ = \frac{π}{n}$ (7)

Define the area where the angle between the upper half area of the b axis and the positive half axis of the a axis is θ as cluster 1, and the node coordinates in the network are assumed to be (a, b), then the angle between it and the a axis is formula 8: $\sin θ^{'} = \frac{b}{\sqrt{a^{2} + b^{2}}}$ (8)

In ZigBee network, the number of cluster head nodes in each cluster has a great influence on network performance. In this paper, the number of cluster heads should be optimized and the cluster heads should be selected reasonably to ensure efficient data transmission, as formula 9: $\frac{2 π (k - 1)}{n} ⩽ θ^{'} ≺ \frac{2 π k}{n}$ (9)

In the formula, K represents the label of the cluster where the node is located, that is, the value of K is formula 10: $k = r o u n d [\frac{n θ^{'}}{2 π}, \frac{n θ^{'}}{2 π} + 1]$ (10)

After the above analysis, a ZigBee network is clustered, and all nodes in the network calculate their relative positions in the network according to the beacon nodes, and send the information to the coordinator node. The message also includes the size of the remaining energy of each node. When the coordinator receives the location information, it divides the nodes into clusters according to the range of angles, and gives each cluster a unique cluster identifier, and broadcasts the message to each node in the network.

3.2.2 ZigBee Routing Algorithm

ZigBee network can undertake a series of tasks, which can collect data and send related commands. In each cluster, if such a node is selected as the cluster head node, the life cycle of each cluster will be greatly improved, thereby extending the life cycle of the entire network. Figure 6 depicts a flowchart of network nodes. The ZigBee coordinator in this instance controls the ZigBee network nodes. The nodes in a smart home system are primarily accountable for sensing information and managing home appliances, electronically controlled locks, and multi-functional switch hardware. The CC2530 chip initializes the IO port, begins the global interruption, requests direct exposure to the ZigBee network, and sends network node login information to the ZigBee coordinator after the system is powered on. As a result, the ZigBee network is created. ZigBee network nodes collect sensor data on a regular basis and upload it to the coordinator using a time slice polling methodology. Simultaneously, ZigBee network nodes obtain command signals from the smart home system’s master controller and initiate the correlating operation.

Fig. 6

Flowchart of network nodes.

When selecting the cluster head node, in addition to the remaining energy of the node, the distance between the cluster head node and the coordinator should also be considered. If this paper redesigns the algorithm for calculating distance in the algorithm at this time, it will undoubtedly increase the time of clustering. It also has a certain impact on the energy consumption of the entire network, so this paper uses the RSSI value to characterize the distance between two nodes. RSSI represents the strength of the received signal, and RSSI is converted from the link quality LQI, and its conversion formula is as shown in formula 11: $RSSI = - \frac{81 - (LQI * 91)}{255}$ (11)

RSSI and LQI can be obtained directly from the chip’s register, and its RSSI value is formula 12: $RSSI = \frac{RSSI_dec - 256}{2} - RSSI_offset$ (12)

If it is less than 128, the relevant conversion is performed, and its value is formula 13: $RSSI = \frac{RSSI_dec}{2} - RSSI_offset$ (13)

Through the synthesis of the above two values, this paper selects the cluster head node of each cluster. Here we define i to represent a certain node, j to represent a certain cluster divided by the network, and r to represent the number of cluster rotations. Regarding the remaining energy E_i (r), formula 14 can be obtained according to the following formula: $E_{i} (r) = \frac{e_{i} (r)}{e_{i, j} (r)}$ (14)

Among them, e_i (r) is the remaining energy of node i, e_i,j (r) is the average energy of all nodes in the jth cluster where node i is located, and the size of e_i,j (r) is formula 15: $e_{i, j} (r) = \frac{1}{N_{j} (i)} \sum_{i = 1}^{N_{j} (i)} e_{i} (r)$ (15)

N_j (i) indicates that there are i nodes in the jth cluster, and the distance between communication nodes can be determined according to the RSSI value. The smaller the absolute value of RSSI, the greater the signal strength.

When designing the selection process of the cluster head node, the algorithm in this paper does not care about the size of these two values, because the algorithm in this paper will rotate the cluster after a period of time. If one of the above two situations occurs, the impact on the entire network is not great. Therefore, when determining the formula of the cost function, only the value of the cost function cos t_(i,j) is larger. The higher the probability of being elected as the cluster head node, the cost function is formula 16: $cos t_{(i, j)} = α β d^{- 1} (r)$ (16)

Since each node in the network is transmitting data, energy is consumed, which will inevitably lead to a decrease in the overall energy of each cluster. When the energy of each node is relatively small at the end, the cluster head node cannot be selected, and this area will become a dead zone, resulting in the stability and life cycle of the network. In order to solve this problem, this paper also adopts the idea of rotation of cluster head nodes.

3.3 Necessity of corporate image in the application of brand APP design

(1) Strengthen the corporate image and establish a good reputation of the company

The APP design of an enterprise must first reflect the differences between enterprises, and only differentiated enterprise APPs can form a clear impression in the minds of consumers. Vision, as the most direct and main publicity channel for the public to receive external information, conveys the concept and publicity content that the enterprise wants to convey to the public through the static visual element symbols of the interface. Increasing the number of people browsing their mobile phones every day has greatly increased their impression of the company. The impression of the enterprise can be more deeply reappeared in the public’s memory and firmly remembered.

(2) Expanding corporate marketing

The globalization of the economy has made cross-border transactions mainstream. Compared with the traditional shopping form, the traditional store-style sales are affected by many factors such as region and local economic development. However, shopping through mobile APPs will greatly expand the sales market, and even expand foreign markets through APPs. The more and more convenient APP sales have greatly shortened the shopping time and regional restrictions, so they are sought after by contemporary people. Therefore, the research and development of APP shows a trend of linear growth, and the current number of APP development and user usage in China tends to be at the forefront of the world.

4 Experiment of integrating Zigbee technology in brand APP interface design

When the node design is completed, in order to be familiar with the relevant performance of the node and to ensure that the node can run normally in the actual project later, this paper designs a relevant test scheme for the performance test of the node. It mainly understands the relationship between the RSSI value of the node and the distance, and tests the power consumption of the node. In order to compare the advantages of the clustering algorithm with the previous algorithms, this paper compares with the classical clustering algorithm-LEACH algorithm and the existing ZigBee routing algorithm. It mainly observes the total energy consumption of the entire network and the life cycle of the network.

Using the development tool IAR EmbededWork bench, its function is very powerful. Since the RSSI value is an important parameter to evaluate the link quality and measure the distance between nodes, the distance is mainly determined according to the RSSI value in the subsequent design of the clustering algorithm. Especially in practice, the relationship between RSSI value and distance directly affects the accuracy of personnel positioning. Therefore, the test of the relationship between RSSI value and distance is a crucial link in node testing, as shown in Fig. 7:

Fig. 7

Test curve of the relationship between RSSI value and distance.

As shown in Fig. 7: From Fig. 7, it can be found that as the distance increases, the RSSI gradually decreases, that is, the received signal strength gradually decreases. In the later algorithm design, the distance can be obtained according to the value of RSSI.

4.1 Network stability based on ZigBee technology

The most important function of ZigBee-based network is data transmission, and the stability of data transmission in the network is the main factor that determines the reliability of the entire network. Packet loss rate is a key factor to measure network reliability. Since the ZigBee network belongs to the wireless transmission mode, there must be the problem of data packet loss, so the test of the data packet loss rate is essential. The packet sending cycle is related to the data packet loss rate to some extent. Therefore, testing the relationship between the packet sending period and the packet loss rate is an important part of the network performance test. The relationship between the packet sending period and the packet loss rate is shown in Table 1:

Table 1
Relationship between packet sending period and packet loss rate

Number of experiments Packet sending cycle (s) Packet Loss Rate Pa(%)

1 2 20

2 4 16

3 6 10

4 8 8

5 10 5

Number of experiments	Packet sending cycle (s)	Packet Loss Rate Pa(%)
1	2	20
2	4	16
3	6	10
4	8	8
5	10	5

As shown in Table 1: After testing, it is found that when the node’s packet sending cycle is larger, its data packet loss rate is also reduced accordingly. In the actual project, the packet sending cycle can be set according to the needs, so as to better reduce the data packet loss and realize the data collection of the monitoring area.

The distinction between testing in a controlled laboratory environment and a simulated field environment is critical as it can significantly influence the performance evaluation of ZigBee networks. In a simulated field environment, various interferences, such as signal obstructions, electromagnetic noise, and competing wireless devices, can introduce unpredictable challenges that may not be present in a controlled lab setup. Consequently, these interferences can impact the network’s stability and data packet loss rate. To comprehensively assess the large-scale networking performance of ZigBee networks, conducting tests in a simulated environment becomes an essential component of the testing process. Simulated environments can accurately replicate real-world conditions, enabling researchers to identify potential issues and address them proactively.

One effective approach to evaluating network stability in such a setup involves analyzing the total number of received packets. A higher number of successfully received packets indicates improved network stability and robustness. By measuring the received packet count, researchers can ascertain how well the network copes with environmental interferences and how reliably it transmits data under challenging conditions. During testing, it’s essential to gather comprehensive data on various performance metrics, such as packet loss rate, latency, and throughput, to gain a holistic understanding of the network’s behavior. This data-driven approach helps in making informed decisions to optimize the ZigBee network’s configuration, hardware, and protocols for enhanced performance. Furthermore, by comparing the results from both the laboratory and simulated field environments, researchers can gain insights into the network’s adaptability and reliability across diverse scenarios. This valuable information guides the development of robust ZigBee networks that can seamlessly function in real-world deployments. The results of the two algorithms are shown in Fig. 8:

Fig. 8

Data packet loss for the two algorithms. (a) Data packet loss of LEACH algorithm (b). Data packet loss of ZigBee routing algorithm.

As shown in Fig. 8: In order to better compare the performance of the network, this paper draws a curve in which the data is not lost at all under ideal conditions for comparison. The dotted line in the figure represents the case where the data is not lost at all. It can be found from the figure that with the increase of time, the packet loss rate of LEACH algorithm and existing ZigBee routing algorithm will show an increasing trend. This may be because there may be a node in the network that leaves the network for some reason. Through the test, it can be found that the packet loss rate of the ZigBee routing algorithm network has been relatively stable and the performance is good.

4.2 Total network energy consumption with ZigBee technology

Due to the limited energy of ZigBee network nodes, the number of nodes in the running state directly affects the life cycle of the entire network, and is the main indicator for evaluating routing protocols. The number of surviving nodes in the network is compared according to the running time of the nodes in the network. The node mortality of the two algorithms is shown in Table 2 and Table 3:

Table 2
Node mortality of LEACH protocol algorithm

Running time/s Number of nodes Survival Number of deaths

5 100 100 0

15 200 197 3

25 300 295 5

35 400 390 10

45 500 487 13

55 600 582 18

Running time/s	Number of nodes	Survival	Number of deaths
5	100	100	0
15	200	197	3
25	300	295	5
35	400	390	10
45	500	487	13
55	600	582	18

Table 3

Node Mortality of ZigBee Routing Algorithm

Running time/s	Number of nodes	Survival	Number of deaths
5	100	100	0
15	200	200	0
25	300	299	1
35	400	396	4
45	500	495	5
55	600	593	7

As shown in Table 2 and Table 3: When comparing the performance of the LEACH protocol algorithm and the ZigBee routing algorithm in a network with 200 nodes, it’s evident that there are significant differences in the number of dead nodes. Specifically, the LEACH protocol algorithm resulted in 3 dead nodes, while the ZigBee routing algorithm showed no dead nodes, indicating a higher level of reliability for the latter. As the number of nodes increased from 100 to 600, both algorithms experienced an increase in the number of node deaths. However, the crucial distinction lies in the substantially higher node death rate observed in the LEACH protocol algorithm compared to the ZigBee routing algorithm. This observation strongly suggests that the ZigBee routing algorithm exhibits superior stability over the LEACH protocol algorithm.

The reliability and stability of the ZigBee routing algorithm can be attributed to several factors, including its efficient routing mechanisms, robust error handling, and adaptive network management capabilities. ZigBee’s inherent design principles prioritize low power consumption, reduced interference, and enhanced resilience, enabling it to maintain better stability even as the network scales up with more nodes. On the other hand, while the LEACH protocol algorithm may be suitable for specific scenarios, its higher node death rate with an increasing number of nodes raises concerns about its scalability and overall stability. The LEACH protocol may require further optimization or additional mechanisms to address the challenges posed by larger networks, reducing node deaths and enhancing its reliability.

Since a ZigBee network performs many monitoring tasks, the main concern is the overall energy consumption of the entire network. Only by reducing the overall energy consumption of the network can it have a decisive impact on the extension of the network life cycle. The result is shown in Fig. 9:

Fig. 9

Simulation results of total network energy consumption.

As shown in Fig. 9: as time goes by, the energy consumption of the algorithm in this paper shows a slow increase, while the energy consumption of the LEACH algorithm increases linearly. This is because the algorithm in this paper consumes a certain amount of energy for the selection of the cluster head in each cluster in the initial stage of networking. When the selection is completed, the load of nodes in the network is relatively balanced, and the energy consumption is minimized.

4.3 Experiment of ZigBee Technology Applied in Brand APP Interface Design

As consumers pay more and more attention to APP expressing corporate cultural connotation, APP has inestimable market value for enterprises. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study the application principles and methods of corporate image in brand APP interface design. As companies in various fields have started APP research and development and tried to seize the strategic position of mobile Internet, the marketing model has also changed. This requires the enterprise’s APP from closed to open, from popular to high-end, and attracts more users through the research and development of new technologies. The APP selection type data questionnaire is shown in Table 4:

Table 4
APP selection type data questionnaire

Years Shopping News Video

2015 67% 35% 39%

2016 75% 46% 42%

2017 89% 55% 46%

2018 91% 58% 52%

2019 93% 62% 56%

2020 95% 63% 58%

Years	Shopping	News	Video
2015	67%	35%	39%
2016	75%	46%	42%
2017	89%	55%	46%
2018	91%	58%	52%
2019	93%	62%	56%
2020	95%	63%	58%

As shown in Table 4: From 2016 to 2020, the popularity of shopping apps has steadily increased, while news and music app categories have also experienced growth, albeit not as significant as the shopping category. This trend underscores the importance of developing high-quality and visually appealing corporate apps. Such designs not only attract users and drive app downloads but also serve as a powerful tool for effectively disseminating ideas and establishing a strong corporate image. Incorporating the culture and concept of the enterprise into the app’s interface design creates a seamless communication bridge between users and the company. The enterprise app becomes a platform through which users can gain deeper insights into the brand, fostering improved recognition and loyalty towards the company. This process allows users to not only understand the brand better but also gradually develop a liking for it, making it an essential objective for any enterprise app.

A well-crafted enterprise app goes beyond mere functionality; it serves as a representation of the company’s values, mission, and offerings. By ensuring that the app’s design aligns with the overall brand identity, companies can leave a lasting impression on their users and foster a strong emotional connection. This connection is pivotal in gaining user acceptance and fostering long-term brand advocacy. Additionally, a visually appealing and user-friendly app enhances the overall user experience, making it more likely for users to engage with the app regularly. The intuitive design makes navigation effortless, and seamless access to information strengthens the bond between users and the brand.

Moreover, an enterprise app provides an ideal platform for showcasing new products, services, or company initiatives, ensuring that users are kept informed and involved. Regular updates and personalized content further enrich the user experience, reinforcing the positive perception of the brand. To achieve these objectives, continuous improvement and optimization of the app design are essential. Gathering user feedback and analyzing user behavior can help identify areas for enhancement and ensure the app remains relevant and engaging over time.

This paper wants to prove that incorporating ZigBee technology into brand APP interface design will make the brand APP communicate faster and use better, thus attracting more users. This article selects 10 brand APPs that do not incorporate ZigBee technology and 10 brand APPs that incorporate ZigBee technology to compare their operating efficiency and use effects, as shown in Fig. 10:

Fig. 10

Comparison of operating efficiency and use effects of different brands of APPs. (a). Brand AP without ZigBee technology (b). Brand AP with ZigBee technology.

As shown in Fig. 10, the operation efficiency of the brand APP that incorporates ZigBee technology is higher than that of the brand APP that does not incorporate ZigBee technology, and the use effect is also better. It can be seen that the brand APP integrated with ZigBee technology is more likely to attract users, thereby promoting the economic development of enterprises.

5 Conclusions

In corporate marketing, corporate image is an essential part of marketing. A corporate image that is widely favored and reassured by consumers can bring value to a company that far exceeds the manufacturing cost of its specific material products. It can even use this channel to rapidly expand its scale and take the lead in the market. The enterprise level has generally realized that the corporate image design should be raised to improve the corporate image and word of mouth by creating a corporate brand APP. The marketing strategy of corporate imagery to enhance marketing strength and form a competitive advantage is unstoppable. However, in the interface design of a separate brand APP, the problem of unstable wireless communication will occur. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate ZigBee technology to improve the stability and efficiency in the use of brand APPs. This paper introduces ZigBee technology in detail in the method. In order to prove that the interface design of the brand APP that integrates ZigBee technology will be more popular with users, experiments are carried out on ZigBee technology. It is found that ZigBee technology not only makes the network more stable, but also reduces the energy consumption of the network, thereby improving the efficiency of the brand APP and reducing its cost. However, there are also many problems in the experiment, for example, only 10 brand APPs are used for comparison, which makes the data may be unreliable. So in order to be more accurate in the future work, it will make corrections in the next work.

In the future it may consider defining and measuring specific performance metrics for evaluating the brand APPs’ efficiency and stability when using ZigBee technology. Metrics can include response time, network latency, and energy consumption. The performance may be evaluated by comparing its performance and benefits with other wireless communication technologies commonly used in brand APPs. For instance, a comparative study with Bluetooth or Wi-Fi technology would be insightful. Moreover, the security concerns related to the integration of ZigBee technology can also be address. Ensure that data transmitted through the network is adequately protected to prevent potential breaches and unauthorized access and comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of integrating ZigBee technology into brand APPs. Assess not only the reduction in material costs but also the overall return on investment (ROI) and potential revenue gains resulting from improved marketing strength and competitive advantage.

Author contributions statement

Xinxin Gu wrote the main manuscript text and prepared Figs. 1 –3. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Funding statement

No funding were used to support this paper.

Data availability

Data is available upon reasonable request.

Conflict of interest

These are no potential competing interests in my paper.

Informed consent

I declare that all the authors have informed consent.

Ethical approval

This paper does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the author.

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