When considering the economic impact of tourism, it is common to model tourism expenditures in a static model, providing the impact that tourism spending would have if its effects were contained in a single year. This confuses two features; first, that any change in tourism spending has a time dimension and, second, it ignores changes that may occur in years after the change in spending has taken place, or that occur prior to it if the spending is anticipated. This paper uses a dynamic CGE model to examine these effects, providing comparisons between anticipated and unanticipated tourism booms.
AdamsP.D.ParmenterB.R. (1995), ‘An applied general equilibrium analysis of the economic effects of tourism in a quite small, quite open economy’, Applied Economics, Vol 27, No 10, pp 985–994.
2.
AlavalapatiJ.R.R.AdamowiczW.L. (2000), ‘Tourism impact modeling for resource extraction regions’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 27, No 1, pp 188–202.
3.
BlakeA. (2000), The Economic Impact of Tourism in Spain, TTRI Discussion Paper 2000/2, University of Nottingham, Nottingham.
4.
BlakeA. (2005), ‘The economic impact of the London 2012 Olympics’, TTRI Discussion Paper 2005/5, University of Nottingham, Nottingham.
5.
BlakeA.SinclairM.T.SugiyartoG. (2001b), ‘The economy-wide effects of foot and mouth disease in the UK economy’, TTRI Discussion Paper 2001/3, University of Nottingham, Nottingham.
6.
BlakeA.SinclairM.T.SugiyartoG. (2003a), ‘Tourism and EU accession in Malta, Cyprus’, TTRI Discussion Paper 2003/7, University of Nottingham, Nottingham.
7.
BlakeA.SinclairM.T.SugiyartoG. (2003b), ‘Quantifying the impact of foot and mouth disease on tourism and the UK economy’, Tourism Economics, Vol 9, No 4, pp 449–465.
8.
BlakeA.ArbacheJ.S.SinclairM.T.TelesV. (2008), ‘Tourism and poverty relief’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 35, No 1, pp 107–126.
9.
CopelandB.R. (1991), ‘Tourism, welfare and de-industrialization in a small open economy’, Economica, Vol 58, pp 515–530.
10.
DwyerL.ForsythP. (1993), ‘Assessing the benefits and costs of inbound tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 20, No 4, pp 751–768.
11.
DwyerL.ForsythP.MaddenJ.SpurrR. (2000), ‘Economic impacts of inbound tourism under different assumptions regarding the macroeconomy’, Current Issues in Tourism, Vol 3, No 4, pp 325–363.
12.
DwyerL.ForsythP.SpurrR. (2004), ‘Evaluating tourism's economic effects: New and old approaches’, Tourism Management, Vol 25, No 3, pp 307–317.
13.
FletcherJ.E. (1989), ‘Input–output analysis and tourism impact studies’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 16, No 4, pp 514–529.
14.
GB Leisure Day Visits Consortium (2004), GB Leisure Day Visits: Report on the 2002–3 Great Britain Day Visits Survey, published by a consortium of ten agencies, including Department for Culture, Media and Sport, VisitBritain, VisitScotland and Wales Tourist Board.
15.
HertelT., ed (1997), Global Trade Analysis: Modelling and Applications, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
16.
Office for National Statistics, (2004a), ‘Supply and Use Tables 2002’, Office for National Statistics, London.
17.
Office for National Statistics, (2004b), ‘Annual business inquiry’, Office for National Statistics, London.
18.
Office for National Statistics (2004c), ‘Taxes and subsidies recorded within the production doundary’, Office for National Statistics, London.
19.
Office for National Statistics (2004d), ‘Contribution of top 5 businesses to each industry’, Office for National Statistics, London.
20.
Office for National Statistics (2004e), ‘Travel trends’, Office for National Statistics, London.
21.
RutherfordT. (2001), On the Assessment of Economic Cost in Dynamic Economic Models, University of Colorado, Boulder.