Weight gain after kidney transplantation affects 50% to 90% of kidney transplant recipients. Factors leading to weight gain in recipients are thought to include a change in lifestyle (eg, dietary intake and physical activity), age, race, sex, and immunosuppressant medications.
Objective—
To examine dietary intake and physical activity of kidney transplant recipients at baseline and 3 and 6 months after transplantation to identify contributing factors to weight gain.
Design—
Descriptive, correlational study using secondary data from a larger parent study examining genetic and environmental contributors to weight gain after kidney transplantation.
Participants and Setting—
Forty-four kidney transplant recipients at a mid-South university hospital-based transplant institute who had dietary intake, physical activity, and clinical data at baseline and 3 and 6 months were included.
Main Outcome Measures—
Dietary intake, physical activity, weight, and body mass index.
Results—
Mean weight gain increased by 6% from baseline to 6 months. Interestingly, dietary intake did not change significantly from baseline to 6 months. Hours of sleep per day decreased during the same period (P = .02). Dietary intake, physical activity, age, race, sex, and immunosuppression showed no significant relationship to weight gain at 6 months.
Conclusion—
Little consideration has been given to dietary intake and physical activity of kidney transplant recipients and the effects of these variables on weight gain. Further studies with a larger sample are needed, as weight gain after transplantation is a significant risk factor for diminished long-term outcomes.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BaumCL. Weight gain and cardiovascular risk after organ transplantation. JPEN.2001;25(3):114–119.
2.
ClunkJMLinCYCurtisJJ. Variables affecting weight gain in renal transplant recipients. Am J Kidney Dis.2001;38(2): 349–353.
3.
PatelMG. The effect of dietary intervention on weight gains after renal transplantation. J Ren Nutr.1998;8(3):137–141.
4.
CashionAKSanchezZVCowanPAHathawayDKLo CostelloAGaberAO. Changes in weight during the first year after kidney transplantation. Prog Transplant.2007;17(1):40–47.
5.
HillJOWyattHRReedGWPetersJC. Obesity and the environment: Where do we go from here?Science.2003;299 (5608):853–855.
6.
WolfAMColditzGA. Social and economic effects of body weight in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr.1996;63(3 suppl): 466S–469S.
7.
SanchezZVCashionAKCowanPAJacobSRWicksMNVelasquez-MieyerP. Perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity in kidney transplant recipients. Prog Transplant.2007;17(4):324–331.
8.
GoreJLPhamPTDanovitchGM. Obesity and outcome following renal transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2006: 6(2):357–363.
9.
BriggsJD. Causes of death after renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant.2001;16(8):1545–1549.
10.
WardHJ. Nutritional and metabolic issues in solid organ transplantation: Targets for future research. J Ren Nutr.2009; 19(1):111–122.
11.
CashionAKUmbergerRAGoodwinSBSutterTR. Collection and storage of human blood and adipose for genomic analysis of clinical samples. Res Nurs Health.2011;34(5):408–418.
SchakelSFBuzzardIMGebhardtSE. Procedures for estimating nutrient values for food composition databases. J Food Comp Anal.1997;10(2):102–114.
14.
StarkC. Guidelines for food and nutrient intake In: StipanukMH, ed. Biochemical, Physiological, Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition. 2nd ed.St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier: 2006:46–63.
15.
BlueLS. Adult kidney transplantation. In: HasseJMBlueLS, eds. Comprehensive Guide to Transplant Nutrition. Chicago, IL: American Dietetic Association: 2002.
16.
MartinsCPecoits-FilhoRRiellaMC. Nutrition for the post-renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc.2004;36(6):1650–1654.
17.
SallisJFHaskellWLWoodPD. Physical activity assessment methodology in the Five-City Project. Am J Epidemiol. 1985:121(1):91–106.
18.
SallisJFBuonoMJRobyJJMicaleFGNelsonJA. Seven-day recall and other physical activity self-reports in children and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993:25(1):99–108.
19.
GrossLDSallisJFBuonoMJNelsonJA. Reliability of interviewers using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1990:61(4):321–325.
20.
TaylorCBCoffeyTBerraKIaffaldanoRCaseyKHaskellWL. Seven-day activity and self-report compared to a direct measure of physical activity. Am J Epidemiol.1984;120(6):818–824.
21.
FaulFErdfelderELangAGBuchnerA. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods.2007;39(2): 175–191.
22.
JindalRMZawadaETJr., Obesity and kidney transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004:43(6):943–952.
23.
AkerSIvensKGrabenseeBHeeringP. Cardiovascular risk factors and diseases after renal transplantation. Int Urol Nephrol. 1998:30(6):777–788.
24.
HeafJJakobsenUTvedegaardEKanstrupILFogh-AndersenN. Dietary habits and nutritional status of renal transplant patients. J Ren Nutr.2004;14(1):20–25.
25.
VázquezPEIbarra-RamírezFFigueroa-NúñezBGómez AlonsoCRodríguez-OrozcoAR. [Macronutrients consumption and lifestyle in patients whose received transplant of kidney in The Mexican Institute for Social Security]. Nutr Hosp. 2010:25(1):107–112.
26.
WeilS. Nutrition in the kidney transplant recipient. In: DanovitchGM, ed. Handbook of Kidney Transplantation. 5th ed.Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010:416–431.
27.
DanovitchGM. Immunosuppressive medications and protocols for kidney transplanation. In: DanovitchGM, ed. Handbook of Kidney Transplantation. 5th ed.Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010:77–126.
28.
LynchITEustaceJAPlantWD. Inadequate dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes in renal-transplant recipients in Ireland. J Ren Nutr.2007;17(6):408–415.
29.
KodrasKHaasM. Effects of kidney transplantation on bone. EJCI.2006;36(suppl 2):63–75.
30.
LaneNE. Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol.2006;194(2 suppl):S3-S11.
31.
KamychevaEJoakimsenRMJordeR. Intakes of calcium and vitamin d predict body mass index in the population of Northern Norway. J Nutr.2003;133(1):102–106.
32.
NielensHLejeuneTMLalaouiASquiffletJPPirsonYGoffinE. Increase of physical activity level after successful renal transplantation: A 5 year follow-up study. Nephrol Dial Transplant.2001;16(1):134–140.
ErsoyABaranBErsoyCKahveciogluSAkdagI. Calcineurin inhibitors and post-transplant weight gain. Nephrology.2008;13(5):433–439.
38.
CashionAKGibsonDCaseyJRAlana AntoineAMMartinA. Internet and support technology use by transplant patients. ITNS Newsletter. Spring2011;1(2). http://www.itns.org/ITNS_newsletter_Vol1Issue2Spring.php. Accessed October 23, 2011.
39.
PolitDFBeckCT. Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 9th ed.Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
