Experimental Biology and Medicine

In dogs with an experimental traumatic peritonitis, the intravenous injection of streptokinase alone in large doses, or of a mixture of smaller amounts of SK plus a partially purified human plasminogen preparation, prevented or modified the development of postoperative adhesions.

Following thyroidectomy the rat develops a relative increase in gamma globulin. The increase in total plasma hexosamine levels following thyroidectomy can be almost entirely accounted for by the increase in the hexosamine content of the beta and gamma globulin fractions. The normal distribution of hexosamine in rat plasma is as follows: Albumin 5%, alpha globulins 67%, beta globulins 19%, and gamma globulin 9%. The richest fraction is alpha-1 globulin which contains approximately 4.4% hexosamine. The other globulins contain less and albumin contains only 0.30%.

C57 bl mouse lung-liver mince and BAF¹ mouse liver mince incubated with adenine-8-C¹⁴ showed greater DNA activity than a similar system which had been deactivated by heat. This increased activity was not found with lung mince. A factor(s) present in tumor homogenate and possibly also in lyophilized tumor homogenate increased the DNA radioactivity to values significantly higher than those from tissues incubated without tumor homogenates.

Simultaneous measurements of the renal clearance of PAS and creatinine in the dog indicate that the former substance is not excreted by the renal tubules. Benemid does not appear to diminish the renal clearance of PAS in the dog. This raises question as to the rationale of employing Benemid as an adjunct to PAS therapy in man. The volume of distribution of PAS appears to correspond closely with that of creatinine.

Feeding cadmium oxide-containing food for 3 days at concentrations of 68 mg and 91 mg per lb of food results in cadmium retention in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. The increase is significant when compared to controls but is very low when compared to cadmium levels others have reported by inhalation or feeding. Humans with no known exposure to cadmium have higher cadmium levels in the kidneys than pigs fed cadmium as described above.

Glycolysis reduces both glycogen fractions of the rat heart at about the same rate for the first 5 minutes, regardless of the medium used for suspension of the tissue. In Krebs Phosphate Ringer's solution and in unoxygenated 5.4% glucose, the 2 glycogens drop to a low, but stable level. The glycogen synthesized in the sugar medium is primarily the TCA soluble glycogen. The TCA. soluble glycogen begins synthesis at the end of 22.5 minutes and synthesis of the TCA insoluble fraction begins 50 minutes later. A distinct species difference was observed in the metabolism of cardiac glycogen in the rat and dog, inasmuch as the TCA insoluble fraction was relatively more stable in the dog.

1. A new clotting factor, factor X, participating in blood thromboplastin formation is demonstrated by matching experiments with various pathological sera. The possible influence of thrombin and factor VII is eliminated. The objection that factor X deficiency may be nothing else than a slight deficiency of factor IX is discussed. This hypothesis is in contradiction with our results. 2. Factor X is present in normal serum and in hemophilia B-Serum. absent in hepatitisserum and in serum of Marcoumar-(Dicoumarol derivative) treated patients. The affinity of factor X to barium sulfate is greater than that of Factor VII and IX. This property is utilised for the purification of Factor X. 3. Factor X is not identical with PTA and the new factors of Spaet et al. and of Ratnoff et al.

This being so, the formal analogy between the sensory and the callosal response of the visual area seems to indicate that the system of retino-geniculo-cortical fibers (and neurones) which is responsible for the characteristic pattern of the sensory response is prolonged beyond the primary visual cortex in the commissural fiber-tract connecting the left and right homologous areas. As a physiological interhemispheric transfer between homologous receiving areas (visual, auditory and somatosensory) has been demonstrated by psycho-physiological (13) and electro-physiological (14) experiments, the raison d'etre of the callosal prolongation of this system seems to be looked for in the necessity of conserving the spatiotemporal pattern, and correlatively the information, of the sensory message during its interhemispheric transfer.

1. The glutamic-aspartic transaminase activity of whole blood from normal pregnant subjects is essentially the same as in non-pregnant subjects. Activity is significantly increased by supplementing the diet with 10 mg of pyridoxine daily. Transaminase activity of fetal blood is twice as great as in maternal blood in mothers not receiving additional vit. B⁶. The transaminase activity of placental tissue is not altered by prior administration of pyridoxine for several weeks. 2. The results suggest that fetal tissues contain optimal quantities of B⁶ whereas adults, both pregnant and non-pregnant, contain sub-optimal concentrations for peak enzymatic activity. The method employed is not sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate a reduced “reserve” of B₆ in normal gestation, but the data are compatible with the view that pyridoxine supplementation is desirable in human pregnancy.

Low concentrations of DNP did not stimulate respiration or affect motility of sea-urchin sperm suspended in sea water; high concentrations of DNP inhibited sperm respiration and motility, the inhibition of motility being reversible. Dinitrophenol stimulated the respiratory rate of sperm in the presence of Versene and caused respiration to be partially dissociated from motility. Versene, as compared with sea water, prolonged the motile life and respiration of sperm treated with high concentrations of DNP. Dinitrophenol and dilution have similar effects on sea-urchin sperm, raising the possibility that both act through similar mechanisms.

A study was made of the polysaccharide constituents of cartilage from individuals of various ages. Fetal cartilage was found to be very high in uronic acid. The uronic acid content was strikingly lower by the sixth year and then declined slowly with age. Hexosamine in excess of uronic acid increased with age until maturity was reached after which there was no appreciable change.

1. Supernates of cultures of β-hemolytic streptococci were concentrated with respect to macromolecular material present. Such concentrates gave positive complement-fixation reactions with sera of rabbits which had been given courses of injections of living streptococci, and with sera of human subjects. 2. Evidence was obtained that complement-fixing antigenic material in such preparations was not identical with the complement-fixing fractions obtained from streptococcal cells, and complement fixation was probably not due to any of a number of the extracellular enzyme-antigens which can be found in streptococcal culture supernates.

1. Precipitin tests in semi-solid agar (gel-precipitin) have been carried out between concentrates of streptococcal culture supernates and sera of various sources. Two technics of diffusion in 1 dimension (tube) were used: the single-diffusion technic of Oudin, and a double-diffusion technic. 2. Sera of rabbits previously injected with streptococcal culture supernates showed increasing numbers of bands as the course of injections progressed. Sera of such rabbits showed as many as 5 bands when tested with such concentrates, indicating that this was the minimum number of antigen-antibody systems present. 3. Sera of patients with acute rheumatic fever and of patients convalescent from an acute streptococcal infection (scarlet fever) were also tested by this technic against concentrates of streptococcal culture supernates. The group with rheumatic fever showed a greater number of bands (a range of 2-7) than did the group with scarlet fever (0-4), when tested by the double-diffusion technic. The corresponding ranges found with the single-diffusion technic were 1-5 and 0-2, respectively. In a sampling of sera from convalescents from scarlet fever the number of bands was found to be no greater 6 weeks after the onset of the infection than 3 weeks after the onset.

The evidence presented indicates that β-aminopropionitrile is the teratogenic agent of the seeds of Lathyrus odoratus. It produces dislocation of joints and loosening of intersegmental septa in amphibians, and bending of the femurs in chick embryos. The minimal teratogenic concentration for Xenopus larvae is .5 μ/liter, the minimal dose for chick embryos is .1 μ per egg. The effects are highly tissue specific but not species specific. The available evidence suggests that a single morphogenic process is interfered with by the presence of this compound during differentiation.

A histochemical study of the effect of cortisone on the liver, intestine and kidney of fetal and post-partum rats was made. There were no histochemically observable effects of cortisone on the fetus until the 16th day of age. Beginning with this day it was found that cortisone caused an increase in glycogen deposition and a decrease in RNA content of the hepatic parenchyma. In the post-partum rats these liver effects were noted at all ages. The intestinal striated border demonstrated a precocious acquisition of alkaline phosphatase and RNA as compared to controls of the same age. In the renal tubules these effects were manifest in the 16- and 18-day-old fetuses, while the intestinal effects were obtained in the 18- and 20-day-old fetuses. Similar precocious increases in renal and intestinal alkaline phosphatase and RNA were noted in the cortisone-treated newborns beginning with the ninth day of age.

One of the prominent features of irradiation sickness is the attendant upset of salt and water metabolism. Depending upon the species, this may be manifested in the forms of vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis. An exact determination of the changes in electrolyte balance following total body x-irradiation is, therefore, of interest. Methods. Twenty 250 g male white rats (Rolfsmeyer Co., Madison, Wisconsin) were placed in metabolism cages over siliconized glass funnels, and allowed free access to distilled water and a diet containing 60% sucrose, 18% lactalbumin, 16.9% Crisco, 4% modified Wesson salt mixture (minus its Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl), 1% liver extract (Wilson Co., liver fraction D. Lot 41863), 0.1% choline hydrochloride, with supplements of thiamine, pyridoxine, riboflavin and calcium pantothenate. Roughly 5% of the Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl intake was furnished by the diet; coming largely from the liver extract. The remainder of the sodium and potassium chlorides was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection. In the control period the average total electrolyte intake was 1.55 meq of sodium. 2.37 meq of potassium, and 2.54 meq of chloride per 48-hour period. Under these conditions the electrolyte intake was largely independent of the level of food intake. Each 48 hours, the food intake and body weight were recorded, and the excreta were removed for analysis. The excreta were collected quantitatively in barium hydroxide solution, evaporated to dryness, and ashed at 500°C for 12 hours. Sodium and potassium determinations were made on food, injection solutions, and excreta, with a flame photometer attachment to the Beckman DU Spectrophotometer. Chlorides were determined on the same samples by the Volhard method.

A study was made of the endotoxic properties of a protein-free lipopolysac-charide isolated from the 0-901 strain of S. typhosa. The product was lethal for rabbits in a dose range of 20-50 μg while 300-500 μg were required to kill mice. The minimum pyrogenic dose in rabbits was 0.0002 μg, characterizing it as a pyrogen of extremely high potency. In a quantitative study of the local Shwartzman reaction, 1 μg or less, was effective as a preparatory or provocative dose. Its activity in eliciting bilateral renal cortical necrosis, the lesion characteristic of the generalized Shwartzman reaction, was in the range of 5-20 μg. Thus, very small quantities of a lipopolysaccharide, freed of protein, are capable of producing the various biological alterations generally attributed to endotoxins.

Addendum. Since this report was submitted for publication preliminary tests of the effects of the typhosa lipopolysaccharide in man were undertaken(17). These indicate that when injected i.v. the minimum pyrogenic dose for a 70 kg subject lies in the range of .01-.04 μg.

ω-Methylpyridoxal, ω-methylpyridoxamine and ω-methylpyridoxine support growth of rats for several weeks following deletion of vit. B₆ from the ration. Eventually, however, growth rate in the presence of these compounds slows, and becomes equal to or less than that of vit. B₆-deficient control animals. The period of growth promotion is decreased greatly when the compounds are administered to depleted rats. Following this period of growth-promotion, growth with high concentrations of ω-methylpyridoxine is distinctly less than that in control animals; and death results well before any deaths are noted in the control group. In uncomplicated vit. B₆ deficiency on this ration convulsive seizures are infrequent and were observed only following approximately 6 weeks on the deficient diet. In contrast, in the animals fed the ω-methyl analogues of vit. B₆ convulsions occurred frequently, in all animals, starting about 2 weeks after supplementation while substantial weight gains were still occurring. All of these symptoms were prevented by feeding pyridoxal together with the analogues. Following administration of ω-methylpyridoxine to animals, ω-methyl-4-pyridoxic acid appears in the urine in amounts similar to those found for 4-pyridoxic acid following pyridoxine administration. Glutamic-aspartic transaminases and thionase are reduced in ω-methylpyridoxine-fed animals to about the levels found during uncomplicated vit. B₆ deficiency. Correspondingly, ω-methylpyridoxal phosphate was only about 11% as active as pyridoxal phosphate in activating the glutamic-aspartic transaminase, and did not fully activate liver thionase at any concentration. The facts that feeding thes analogues first promotes, but eventually inhibits growth, and produces a deficiency of a different type than that found in uncomplicated vit. B₆-deficiency, may be interpreted in terms of (a) the dual character of ω-methylpyridoxal phosphate as an activator for some vit. B₆-dependent enzymes, but not for others, (b) its role as a strutural antagonist for vit. B₆ in those enzymes that it does not activate, and (c) the role of these analogues as competitive substrates for vit. B₆ in reactions leading to destruction of the vitamin.

Daily infusions of dextran were given to 13 patients for as long as 15 days. In addition to the decrease in total serum protein from plasma volume expansion, dextran was found to produce a relatively greater decrease in globulin than in albumin. Serum cholinesterase activity decreased, and zinc and thymol turbidity values fell.

Gum acacia, Spangles, and Solka-floc have been compared as bulk agents for the guinea pig by employing normal, high-fat, and lactose diets. The average growth rate of the groups receiving Solka-floc was slightly better in all cases. Guinea pigs grew very well on diets containing 12% corn oil (7.7 g day) and at a rate of 4.9 g/day with 24% corn oil diets using Solka-floc as the bulk. Guinea pigs fed diets with lactose as the sole carbohydrate grew at a rate of about 2.0 g/day. Substitution of sucrose for half of the lactose incresed growth to over twice the rate obtained with lactose alone.

1. The livers of rat and of other animals, including man, contain an esterase, distinct from known cholinesterases, which hydrolyses succinylmonocholine. The enzyme is located in the mitochondria and can be extracted from a liver acetone-powder with dilute ammonium hydroxide. It has been partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation of a liver extract, and the final preparation was almost free of cholinesterase activity. The enzyme is TEPP insensitive. 2. The possible role of this enzyme in recovery of muscular control after succinyldicholine administration is discussed.

A simple method is described for determination of the renal threshold for glucose in untreated and cortisone-treated individuals. In 4 patients the “breakdown” of the glucose-threshold was investigated and was found to be markedly decreased after 6 days of orally administered cortisone, 200 mg daily. The decrease amounted to an average of 86 mg per 100 ml of blood with a range from 52 to 132 mg per 100 ml. In another group of 4 patients, both the “breakdown” and the “restoration” thresholds were determined. The breakdown values for the first group were confirmed and in addition the restoration of the threshold was also found to be at a lower level for blood sugar, averaging 68 mg per 100 ml less after cortisone than before it with individual variations from 35 to 116 mg per 100 ml.

The compensatory adrenal hypertrophy which normally follows unilateral adrenalectomy is suppressed in rats with diabetes insipidus produced by hypothalamic lesions.

Plaque formation of all 3 types of poliomyelitis virus has been obtained in monolayer cultures of human aminon cells. The plaque titer obtained on aminon was 3-6 times higher than on monkey kidney cell cultures for strains Mahoney and MEF-1.

The propagation of NDV in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells maintained in vitro discribed. After prolongd serial passages in vitro, multiplication of the virus occurs in the tumor in vivo, and in the later passage levels is accompanied by cytological and biological evidence of oncolysis.

Human serum is not readily obtainable in large volumes from a uniform source for use in tissue culture. Furthermore, the possible presence of specific antibodies introduces further difficulties in the use of cells grown in human serum media when working with certain human viruses. The adaptation of HeLa cells to growth in horse serum media eliminates these difficulties.

It would appear from these experiments that HeLa cells adapted to growth in the presence of horse serum rather than in media containing human serum are quite susceptible to the cytopathogenic effect of all three types of poliomyelitis virus, and are as efficient in producing virus as the HeLa cells grown in the human serum. They likewise seem to be as efficient in their ability to demonstrate the presence of poliomyelitis virus in human stool suspensions. Prliminary evidence indicates that this subline of HeLa cell grown in mass suspended cultures is also capable of supporting the growth of poliomyelitis virus.

The glycemic effects of chlorpromazine were studied in the mouse, hamster and rat. A hyperglycemic response was found in the mouse and hamster with the mouse having the greater response of the two. No significant glycemic change was observed in the rat. An exacerbation of the diabetic state and decrease in survival time was found in alloxan diabetic mice treated with CPZ. A protection from hypoglycemic convulsions and death produced by insulin was afforded to mice which had been injected with CPZ 2 hours previous to the injection of insulin.

It has been established that certain bacteriophages derived from naturally occurring non-toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae will induced toxigenicity in certain non-toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae as readily as will phages derived from naturally-occurring toxigenic strains.

(1) I¹³¹-labeled thyroxine was administered intravenously to normal and thyroidectomized rats and the animals sacrificed at varying time intervals thereafter. Specimens of liver, kidney and muscle were homogenized, extracted with butanol and the extracts were subjected to kieselguhr chromatographic analysis. Small amounts of triiodothyronine were recovered from all 3 tissues in about 20% of the analyses carried out. (2) When triiodothyronine was administered and the tissues subjected to the same conditions, no thyroxine was recovered. (3) When the tissues of rats given thyroxine were homogenized and subjected to fractionation into their subcellular components, triiodothyronine was more readily recovered than was the case where the whole homogenate was used. A possible explanation for this is discusses.

The intracellular potassium concentration was found to be normal in diabetic rat liver.

1. Courses of intramuscular injections of semipurified hog renin from cortex administered to dogs with experimental renal hypertensions of 4 or more years duration produced a significant reduction in blood pressure in those dogs which developed antirenin but not to normotension as previously found in dogs with chronic renal hypertension of 6 to 37 months duration. The 2 dogs which did not develop antirenin showed a maintained chronic pressor effect. 2. Passive immunization with homologous antirenin to hog renin produced a reduction in blood pressure to normotension or near normotension in dogs with experimental renal hypertensions of more than 7 years duration. 3. The mechanism of the decreased response to hog renin therapy in long term experimental renal hypertension in the dog is unknown. The results with passive immunization suggest that a lessened pathogenetic role for renin is not involved nor is progressive arteriolosclerosis. Possibly compensatory hypertensive mechanisms are more effective in the face of the gradually increasing antirenin titre of hog renin therapy than of the abruptly produced antirenin titre of passive immunization. 4. The results indicate that renin (or a closely related renal protein) is the principal pathogenetic factor even in experimental renal hypertension of many years duration in the dog.

A method is described for the study of contraction-relaxation phenomena in glycerol-extracted cardiac muscle. Excised hearts of bullfrogs are mounted and extracted in 50% glycerine; subsequently, perfusion with electrolyte solutions and ATP may be carried out, and the contraction recorded by a mechanical system. The ease of preparation and the dependability of the muscle model may prove to be of value in the study of glycerol-extracted heart muscle.

1. During alimentary lipemia and lipemia produced by intravenous injection of fat emulsions there was a rise in the concentration of free fatty acid in serum. The free fatty acid was found in the non-turbid portion of serum (infranatant of high speed centrifugation). Injection of heparin produced an elevation of free fatty acid concentration which was greater in lipemic than in fasting subjects. A portion of this elevation after heparin was attributable to in vitro lipolysis. 2. It is suggested that lipolysis with free fatty acid formation may play a role in normal fat metabolism and transport.

1. L-Triiodothyronine (TRIT) injected into thyroidectomized rats at a dose level equivalent to 0.5 mg L-thyroxine/kg body weight/day is capable of stimulating the oxygen consumption of liver, diaphragm, heart and salivary gland preparations to the same extent as 2 mg of L-thyroxine. 2. Neither 0.5 nor 2 mg TRIT injected/kg/day altered the metabolic rates of tissues found unaffected by 2 mg of L-thyroxine, including brain, spleen, testis, seminal vesicle, prostate, ovary, uterus, thymus, lymph node and gastric smooth muscle. 3. Even if thyroxine is converted to TRIT before exerting its effect on the metabolic rate the failure of these tissues to respond to thyroxine does not seem referable to any possible inability to carry out this deiodination.

The effect of intravenous glucose upon serum inorganic phosphorus was compared to that of glucagon in 35 diabetic patients taken at random.

The subjects were classified in two groups according to their serum phosphate fall following glucose. In a group of 19 patients, the phosphate fall after glucose was less than 0.30 mg/100 ml, and in another group of 16 patients, more than 0.30 mg/100 ml similar to that found in non-diabetic individuals. As a working hypothesis, it has been assumed that diabetics with a normal phosphate fall are producing insulin. It was found that the group with a normal phosphate fall after glucose showed a greater fall after glucagon than the group with defective phosphate fall. On the other hand, the group with defective or absent phosphate fall after glucose also showed a very definite fall after glucagon. It would seem then that the latter substance exerts a direct effect upon serum inorganic phosphate, independent of the reactive insulin secretion produced by the glucose load. This effect is possibly related to the activation of phosphorylase which acts in the process of disintegration of glycogen through the introduction of phosphate in the bonds existing between the hexose molecules.

A comparison of anti-inflammatory effects of hydrocortisone with several of its analogues has been made. It was found that Δ¹-9 α-hydrocortisone acetate was 3.1 times as active as hydrocortisone; 9 α-fluorohydrocortisone acetate was 7.3 times as active, while Δ¹-9 α-fluorohydrocortisone acetate was 14 times as effective as hydrocortisone, as determined by the cotton pellet implantation method.

Agents isolated in monkey kidney tissue cultures from 3 cases of measles were identified by immunologic tests with convalescent-phase measles serum. Measles antigen was detected in infected cells by the indirect fluorescein-labeled antibody technic before specific complement-fixation antigen appeared in the fluid phase. Specific fluorescence due to the presence of measles antigen was noted in the nuclei as well as in the cytoplasm of some cells from infected cultures.

The antimony trichloride complexes of Terramycin. Aureomycin, and tetracycline were active orally against S. mansoni infections in white Swiss mice. These compounds were no more active than tartar emetic or antimony trichloride.

The convulsant potency of intravenously administered Metrazol for maximal and minimal seizures was determined in control, liver-damaged, and nephrectomized mice. In addition, the convulsant potency of subcutaneously administered Metrazol for minimal seizures was determined in control, liver-damaged, nephrectomized, and sham-operated mice and rats. The results obtained were analyzed to determine the relative importance of the liver and the kidney in the fate and excretion of the drug. Neither liver damage nor nephrectomy had any significant effect on the potency of intravenously administered Metrazol for maximal or minimal seizures. Liver damage significantly increased the potency of subcutaneously administered Metrazol for minimal seizures; on the other hand, bilateral nephrectomy and sham operation had no significant effect on the potency of this drug. The data indicate that, in both mice and rats, the liver is the principal organ for the conversion of Metrazol into products devoid of convulsant activity, and that, within the time required for the complete absorption of subcutaneously injected Metrazol, the kidney plays no important role in the metabolic alteration or excretion of this compound.

A practical bioassay technic for glucocorticoids is proposed, using the adrenal-ectomized, 21-day-old male rat as test animal. The method offers the accuracy and precision shown by the use of the young adult rat, and the sensitivity and economy observed in methods using the laboratory mouse. Dose-response curves have been established for cortisone and for the assay of urine extracts. The regression lines for the two substances are parallel, indicating the method is valid for measurement of glucocorticoid excretion. It is suggested that this bioassay method may serve as a valuable adjunct to the chemical methods for the assay of urinary corticoids.

1. A substantial portion, usually less than half, of the 4M2M, 4M2MCL 2E2E, and 2M2PM administered to rats and mice in the diet, was found by colorimetric measurements, in the feces. 2. Only a trace of dye color was detected in urine of rats that had received 4M2M or 4M2MC1 orally or subcutaneously. 3. Heating, or prolonged exposure to air, of samples of urine from animals that received 4M2M, 4M2MC1 or 2E2E orally, not subcutaneously, produced a pink color. The trace of material responsible for this color seemed to be formed from the dye in the digestive tract. 4. Very little unchanged dye was found in the tissues of rats and mice that had received 4M2M or 4M2MC1 orally. 5. A large part of the 4M2M or 4M2MC1 administered orally is evidently converted into other substances.

Female rats deprived of B₁₂, from before the time of mating until the end of gestation, produced deficient and weak progeny. This was shown in weights well below normal and arrested development proportionate to the subnormal weights. The defects involved vascular blocks especially in the liver with consequent passive congestion. The heart and kidneys were immature. Proximal convoluted tubules became blocked and transformed into distended tubules histologically like distal tubules. Spleens showed a loss of primitive reticular cells and transformation into large densely chromatic and pyknotic cells. The origin of the fat by which the liver sinusoids were blocked is not known.

The data presented indicate that experimental tumors of the liver (Brown-Pearce) in rabbits accumulate more radio-iodinated rabbit albumin than normal liver tissue of the same animal. This increased concentration appears to be unrelated to vascularity since it was demonstrated in perfused animals.

Sexually mature and pregnant cows excrete in their feces appreciable amounts of androgen, whereas males and immature females do not. To determine whether progesterone might be the precursor of the androgen, 7 male and female bovines were given subcutaneously 1 g progesterone daily for 3 or more days. Following these injections a statistically significant increase in fecal androgen was observed in 6 animals while a non-significant increase was observed in the pregnant cow. These data are believed to indicate that at least a part of the fecal androgen normally found in the sexually active bovine may be derived from progesterone.

It is believed that the salivary glands play no active role in metabolism of such thyroid analogues as DIT in the dog. The amount of iodide cleared into the saliva appears to be strictly a function of the circulating plasma level of iodide ion and is not influenced by exogenous thyroid hormone. This clearance will depend of course upon the rates with which exogenous diiodotyrosine. thyroxine and triiodothyronine become deiodinated. Since neither dog nor rat salivary glands appear to contain a DIT deiodinase system such as that found in liver and kidney tissue, it is concluded that these glands are not involved in the metabolism of DIT nor in the control of the circulating blood level of this analogue.

In the guinea pig the adrenal cortex is the site of the greatest concentration of C¹⁴ after the intravenous injection of labeled polysaccharide and protein fractions of Klebsiella pneumoniae. This concentration persists for two months, while the activity of liver, spleen, lung and other organs declines and disappears. In general, the bacterial fraction with the highest incorporation of C14 from the media yields the greatest incorporation in the adrenal.

Terminal blood pyruvic acid level was elevated in rats with liver lesions induced by feeding a diet containing ethionine. Pyruvate oxidation by mitochondria from livers of these rats diminished. The hepatic content of thioctic acid was decreased relative to control animals; the thioctic acid content of liver mitochondria was also reduced. In vitro addition of thioctic acid did not stimulate the diminished hepatic mitochondrial pyruvic acid oxidation. Undiminished urinary excretion of thioctic acid, failure of thioctic acid injection to increase the diminished hepatic mitochondrial thioctic acid content, and normal kidney thioctic acid content suggest that total body thioctic acid synthesis is unimpaired but that hepatic thioctic acid “binding” is impaired, in rats fed a diet containing ethionine.

Studies were made on the presence and mucinase activity of Newcastle disease virus and of the stability of this enzyme function to formalin. (1) All strains of Newcastle disease virus studied possessed mucinase activity although the rates at which they inactivated egg-white inhibitor differed greatly. (2) The rate at which egg-white inhibitor was inactivated was dependent on enzyme (virus) concentration. The concentration of egg-white inhibitor also affected the rate of its inactivation. (3) The rate of inactivation by Newcastle disease strains of virus could be correlated only with one known property—its rate of elution from red blood cells. (4) Newcastle disease virus mucinase was fairly stable to formalin.

The formation of neutralizing antibodies against their own virus was studied in 38 poliomyelitis patients. In the sera of 35 (92%), 5-fold or greater antibody increases were demonstrated. Twenty-nine (76%) exhibited rises between 10 and 500-fold. The average dose of virus used in separate tests was about 3 log dilutions. “Box” neutralization tests revealed that little or no antibody increase was demonstrable in the zones of antibody or virus excess. Substantial antibody rises were obtained in the middle zones, when between 2.5 and 4.6 log dilutions of virus were used. A similar trend of antibody increase was found with homotypic virus studied in two individuals. These results seem to indicate a relation between increase in neutralizing antibody and concentration of virus in the test. The mechanism by which this phenomenon operates is not understood but it appears to have both fundamental and practical implications.

It was observed that nalorphine and levallorphan were ineffective in antagonizing the respiratory depression produced in rats by large doses of phenobarbital, barbital, amytal and Seconal. The two compounds did, in large doses, cause some diminution in the depression produced by pentobarbital.

A particulate component, which may be the etiological virus, was isolated by ultracentrifugation of the blood plasma of chickens with erythroblastosis. The particles were of spheroidal shape and variable size, averaging approximately 102 mμ diameter. Micrographs of unshadowed preparations showed circular images of an appearance suggesting that the particles consisted predominantly of a watery, low-electron contrast, gellike material surrounding a small relatively dense internal structure. The findings were compared with those obtained in the analogous studies of particles representing the virus of myeloblastosis and that of one form of lymphomatosis.

(1) Dilantin has a direct effect upon isolated rabbit gut. It reduces tone, reduces the amplitude and rate of contractions, and in higher concentrations can completely abolish the contractions. (2) The effect of Dilantin upon the isolated gut is rapidly reversible by simply replacing the gut in fresh Tyrode solution. (3) This effect of Dilantin is not due to its alkalinity. (4) Dilantin has a much more marked effect upon the gut than has sodium phenobarbital. (5) The clinical implications of these effects of Dilantin upon isolated gut are discussed briefly.

The adaptation of hamster modified equine abortion virus to the chick embryo is reported. Characteristic intranuclear inclusions were identified in the liver parenchymal cells of chick embryos and hamsters receiving serial passage chick embryo liver. Identification of the virus is substantiated by the use of the complement-fixation reaction.

A new method for the determination of specific activity of sodium in bone is presented. The method consists of placing a solution of bone ash on a cation exchange column. Elution with acid results in the quantitative recovery of both stable and radioactive sodium in a certain fraction of the eluate; this fraction is free from P, K, Mg and Ca and can be easily analyzed for both sodium and radiosodium.

The scintillation counter equipment was made available to us through the kindness of Mr. Russell Hayes of the Medical Division, Atomic Energy Project of the University of Rochester, and the specially adapted flame photometer by Dr. Taft Toribara of the Radiation Biology Division.

The oestrogenic activity of 16 epi-oestriol was determined. Virgin, adult albino rats were ovariectomized, and 7 days later were put on experiments. A dose-response (0.01 to 100 μg) of this substance was determined utilizing the uterus and vagina as end points. The results from these experiments indicate that 1.0 μg of this oestrogen produces a slight effect on the vagina as well as on the uterus. Three daily doses of 40.0 μg of 16 epi-oestriol produced a maximal effect on the vagina (full cornincation) and the uterine weight. This substance seems to be the weakest of all the known naturally-occurring oestrogens described thus far.

Evidence has been presented indicating that an appropriate pentose is essential as an energy source for early growth of L. brevis, L. buchneri, L. gayonii, L. lycoper-sici and L. mannitopoeus if passage through a pentose-free glucose-containing medium, which would promote adaptive utilization of glucose is avoided.

Phenoxymethyl penicillin V and penicillin G have essentially the same curative properties against hemolytic streptococcus infections in white mice when these antibiotics are injected subcutaneously.

1. Recovery of the production of hemolysin in irradiated mice receiving bone marrow or spleen cell homogenate occurred at the same rate as in litter-mate control mice exposed to 450 r of X-rays.

2. Recovery of antibody production in response to injected sheep erythrocytes is gradual and begins in the 4th week after exposure of mice to 450 r. Recovery of the hemolysin response is not complete even at 7 weeks after this dose of radiation since many of the mice had peak serum hemolysin titers that were below the limits of non-irradiated controls.

3. The time required for the development of peak titer following a single immunizing injection was not lengthened by exposure to 450 r whole-body irradiation.

Five compounds—procaine hydrochloride, cocaine hydrochloride, adiphenine (Trasentine), β- (o-benzylphenoxy) -α-diethyl-amino-ethane, and Parpanit—the chemical structures of which have a dialkylaminoalkyl linked via Q, N or C to an aryl or aralkyl radical, were tested in mice for neurotoxicity and for ability to modify maximal electro-shock seizures. In addition, procaine, cocaine, and Trasentine were tested for ability to modify maximal Metrazol seizures and to prevent postictal depression (anticoma effect). For comparison, two compounds (diethylami-noethanol and Antrenyl), the chemical structures of which only partially comply with the above structural prerequisites, were tested only for neurotoxicity and for ability to modify maximal electroshock seizures. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: 1. Procaine, cocaine, and Trasentine prevent the tonic-extensor component of maximal electroshock seizures in non-toxic doses and exert an anticoma effect in doses near the toxic level. All 3 agents prevent the tonic-extensor component of maximal Metrazol seizures, but only in doses which frequently synergize with the convulsant to cause death. 2. All compounds tested, the chemical structure of which contains a dialkylaminoalkyl linked via O. N or C to an aryl or aralkyl radical, were found to exhibit anticonvulsant activity. In contrast, diethylaminoethanol and Antrenyl were devoid of anticonvulsant activity. 3. The data indicate that compounds within this series share a common anticonvulsant nucleus, but further studies will be necessary precisely to characterize its structural requirements. 4. The laboratory search for congeners with less transient anticonvulsant action and higher protective index is warranted.

Reserpine at the dose levels employed clinically for the treatment of hypertension does not affect thyroid function in man. The effects of large doses in the rat appear to be due to hypotensive effects and interference with the renal excretion of iodide.

1. Samples of striated muscle and liver from fasted mice with the hereditary obese-hyperglycemic syndrome were analyzed for water, fat, potassium, sodium, and chloride. 2. Some degree of intracellular dehydration and a greater degree of extracellular dehydration was observed without change in concentration of intracellular potassium.

The respective local actions upon the feather papilla of thyroxine and of progesterone were examined. Application was made by intradermal injection to the immediate vicinity of the resting, quiescent and plucking-stimulated papillae. thyroxine was effective in causing proliferation in all 3 circumstances; progesterone proved negative with this technic in the resting and quiescent states; it may have exerted a slight augmentation in the third.

1. There were no gross changes in concentration or total content of ascorbic acid within 72 hours after 600 r of X-ray in rat liver, brain, pancreas, testis, muscle, kidney, or brown adipose tissue. Thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen showed a drop in ascorbic acid concentration within four hours, and the content of ascorbic acid continued to drop throughout the period studied. Intestinal mucosa showed a sharp increase in ascorbic acid concentration during the first 4 hours followed by a gradual decline. 2. Stimulation of ascorbic acid synthesis by chloretone administration does not modify the effects of irradiation, nor does the hydration of these tissues change in a fashion which might account for the observed phenomena. 3. The observed changes in concentration could not be duplicated by the administration of aminopterin at a level of 10 mg/kg body weight.

1. The entire flow of bile was successfully diverted through the pancreatic duct system into the intestine in a total of 11 dogs. Eight of these dogs did not develop any significant degree of pancreatitis even though the average observation period for this group was more than 60 days, and only one dog in the series developed a full-blown acute pancreatic necrosis. 2. The results of these experiments indicate that the presence of bile in the pancreatic duct system under physiologic pressures is tolerated for long periods of time without any serious damage to the pancreas in most cases.

1. Lactic dehydrogenase activity is present in the venous serum of normal human adults. Normal activity ranges from 260 to 850 units per ml with a mean value of470 ± 130 units per ml. 2. Venous whole blood hemolysates of normal adults have a lactic dehydrogenase activity varying between 16,000 to 67,000 units per ml with a mean value of 34,000 ± 12,000 units per ml. 3. Alterations in serum lactic dehydrogenase have been studied in a selected group of disease states. 4. Experimental and clinical myocardial infarction are associated with a rise in serum lactic dehydrogenase activity. 5. Lactic dehydrogenase like serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase rises in a characteristic fashion following myocardial infarction.

Subtoxic virus, cholera filtrate and xerosin failed to protect HeLa cell cultures against the in vitro cytopathogenic effects of the Lee strain of influenza B virus and the WS and A/England/1/51 strains of influenza A virus. Smaller doses of these materials effectively rendered mice tolerant to the neurotoxic action of influenza viruses. The possible implications of these studies on the mechanisms by which the intact host acquires resistance to virus toxic action are discussed.

Functionally eviscerated rats were given continuious intravenous injections of glucose with and without insulin, with and without epinephrine for periods of 3, 16, and 18 hours. Large doses of epinephrine given with glucose and insulin for 18 hours caused a significant rise in the level of plasma amino acids.

1. The results of microbiological assays on a large number of oligosaccharides obtained from human milk and on simple derivatives (disaccharides or simple synthetic compounds) of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine are reported. The high microbiological activity of 4-0-β-D-galactopyranosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and of ethyl- and n-propyl-N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine has not been exceeded by any other compound tested. 2. The “true” specific bifidus factor has either still to be found or several related compounds may act as precursors or in synergistic combination.

1. Increasing the cholic acid content of a diet rich in cholesterol, significantly increased total liver cholesterol. 2. The addition of β-sitosterol to diets containing cholic acid and cholesterol, decreased total liver cholesterol. 3. Addition of ferric chloride, in varying amounts, to diets rich in cholesterol and cholic acid, resulted in practically no change in total cholesterol content of mouse liver.

1. Developmental forms of psittacosis virus have been studied in mouse embryo liver tissue cultures in vitro by the fluorescent-antibody technic. 2. Inoculation of a large dose of virus resulted in the intracellular appearance of antigen in most of the outgrowing cells within 16 hours. A moderate dose of virus resulted in the focal distribution of specific fluorescence. When a small dose of virus was inoculated, no specific fluorescence was detected. 3. The evidence indicates that virus antigen is present in the developmental forms within the cytoplasm of infected cells throughout the various stages that make up the growth cycle of psittacosis virus.

1. Elastic ligatures applied to both hind limbs of young female rats for 5 hours produced shock and death in 12 of 13 single rats; a marked and progressive decrease in body temperature and an increase in hemoconcentration invariably occurred in those which succumbed. 2. Tourniquets applied similarly to the limbs of one partner failed to produce a single death in 10 pairs of parabionts. A transient hemoconcentration was observed in the injured partner at 12 hours although rectal temperatures remained stable. Anemia occurred in the untreated member of many of the pairs, and is believed to reflect transfusion of the shocked rats, with compensatory hemodilution in an effort to sustain the blood volume.

1 Alpha-phenyl-n-butyrate at 1 × 10^-3 M has been shown to decrease rate of incorporation of acetate-1-C¹⁴ into cholesterol and into fatty acids by rat liver slices. 2) Incorporation of acetate into aceto-acetate is inhibited about the same extent, while oxidation to C0₂ is generally less strongly inhibited. 3) Endogenous oxygen consumption can proceed relatively unimpaired in the presence of 1 × 10^-3 M alpha-phenylbutyrate. 4) Several compounds structurally related to alpha-phenylbutyrate are also demonstrated to inhibit acetate incorporation into lipids. 5) The possible relation between present observations on inhibition of lipid synthesis and studies of Brodie et al.(14) on drug potentiators is discussed.

A method was devised for measuring small differences in pelvic joint flexibility in rats and mice. The procedure in which weights are used to produce joint flexion and a protractor to measure the amount of flexion in degrees is described.

1. Over a 5-year period, 1950 through 1954, one to 6 groups per month of 10 to 30 mice each were infected intravenously with a 1 mg inoculum of the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis. 2. The median survival times of 177 (98.3%) of the 180 groups infected during this period fell between the 10th and 16th day inclusive. Statistical analyses revealed that there was no significant difference between the yearly means of the median survival times nor was there significant difference between the monthly means of the median survival times.

Goldthioglucose injections, in the dose which produces obesity in mice, cause in these animals extensive hypothalamic damage involving the ventromedial nuclei. Such lesions are permanent in animals which in fact become obese, but are not apparent in animals unsuccessfully injected. Goldthiomalate, though as toxic as goldthioglucose, does not cause obesity; its injection does not lead to hypothalamic lesions. Implications of these findings as regards the mechanism of the regulation of food intake are discussed.

Cobalt injected intraperitoneally into rats receiving calcium ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid subcutaneously did not produce the usual poycythemic response.

1. A simple method permitting total bypass of the heart and lungs for the performance of intracardiac surgical operations is described. 2. This method utilizes continuous perfusion of the recipient's (patient's) arterial system from a reservoir of oxygenated blood. An equivalent quantity of venous blood is removed from the recipient's superior and inferior cavae. 3. A pump is utilized to control this exchange between the recipient and the arterial and venous reservoirs. 4. Arterial blood for the reservoir was obtained from a donor animal used as an oxygenator independent of the perfusion system. This was done by collecting arterial blood from the donor's femoral artery into a heparin glucose solution while stored venous blood was infused into his femoral vein at an equal rate. Ordinarily 2,000 to 3,500 cc of arterial blood was collected from a single donor dog in this fashion. 5. The optimum dose of heparin to prevent clotting in the arterial blood collected for this purpose was 25 to 32 mg/liter of blood. 6. The simplifications of the clinical application of this method are briefly discussed.

Administration of estradiol di-propionate alone or together with PGA enhances the urinary excretion of CF by male rats. Testosterone alone gives a 50% decrease in the CF excretion but is without significant effect when given in combination with PGA. The stimulatory effect of estradiol dipropionate can not be reversed by testoster-one in the amounts tested.

1. The increased tolerance of mice to an i.v. challenge of staphylococci as compared to an injection of the bacteria by the i.p. route was found to be related to the rapid clearance of bacteria from the blood following the i.v. injection. However, adrenalectomy markedly reduced the resistance to an i.v. challenge without altering the rates of clearance or bacterial destruction by the R. E. system. 2. It was postulated that digestion of the bacteria by the R. E. system liberated bacterial material which was noxious to the adrenalectomized mouse. “Solubilization” of the bacterial preparation increased its toxicity as compared to control viable or heat-sterilized preparations, indicating the independence of this toxicity to numbers of viable bacteria. 3. Hydrocortisone pretreatment of adrenalectomized mice was found to be protective, relevant to dosage, in minute amounts, against i.v. challenge with either viable staphylococci or extracts of this organism.

A number of miscellaneous compounds related to DDT have been screened for their abilities to inhibit the growth of 5 select bacteria and yeasts. The alcohols were much more active than the corresponding ketones.

The data presented demonstrate that Y⁹⁰ produced in vivo from long term skeletal deposits of Sr⁹⁰ in young dogs does not escape from the local areas of bone in which it is produced. This is in agreement with previous experimental evidence(5). The implications of this finding are as follows: First, the combined energy of the Sr⁹⁰ and Y⁹⁰ beta rays irradiates the skeleton. Hence, dosimetric data determined in vitro can be directly applied to in vivo conditions. Second, the Sr⁹⁰ deposited in the growing skeleton is probably intracrystalline. This is in agreement with the x-ray diffraction findings of McDonald(6). Work is in progress to see whether this effect occurs in older dogs where there is less bone growth and less crystal formation.

Dog pancreatic juice and extracts of hog pancreas contain elastase in an inactive form. Trypsin or a duodenal factor is capable of activating pro-elastase. The activation is blocked by pancreatic and soybean trypsin inhibitors, an indication that the duodenal factor is enterokinase.

Sera from 17 patients convalescing from hemorrhagic fever and 50 normal controls were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies of Cl. perfringens iota toxin. Hemorrhagic fever sera contained a significantly higher quantity of neutralizing antibodies than did the control sera.

A practical procedure for mouse hypophysectomy by the parapharyngeal approach has been developed. Innovations include tracheal cannulation, resuscitation in an 0₂ atmosphere, and hydrocortisone therapy. Mice of the A/He strain are particularly vulnerable to the effects of pituitary loss and will survive only if they are supplied with an adrenal steroid at regular intervals. On the other hand, mice of the C57BL, C3H, BALB/c and Swiss albino strains do not require special postoperative handling.

1. Inclusion of orotic acid in the diet of young rats results in fatty liver formation. 2. Uracil and thymine, known to be synthesized from orotic acid, are without effect on liver fat content. 3. This effect of orotic acid is not counteracted by lipotropic factors such as folic acid, cobalamine, methionine or choline.

A simple and inexpensive method for producing antisera with a high degree of neutralizing capacity for poliomyelitis viruses has been described. By repeated intravenous injection of rabbits with small doses of poliomyelitis viruses grown in tissue culture, antisera with a high degree of homo-typic with little or no heterotypic neutralizing capacity have been produced regularly. Such antisera develop also to a lesser degree the capacity to lyse or agglutinate the cells in culture, in the absence of virus. When testing for heterotypic neutralization, this reaction may mask cross neutralization.

Effects of reserpine, chlorpro-mazine and combined drugs on nest building and thermal preference of rats are described. In the doses used, reserpine alone had a marked and persistent effect on these functions. It depressed nest building while promoting choice of a warm environment. The differential behavioral effect is thought to be related to the great differences in persistence of activity required for the two tests and the ability of reserpine-treated animals to maintain alertness for brief periods after handling.

The effect of electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk on the number of eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils and on the total plasma ascorbic acid in the blood of the rat, indicates that the amount of total plasma ascorbic acid rises temporarily in these animals following this type of stress and that it is a reliable index of the severity of such stress and possibly of ACTH production following such stimulation.

1. Gastrectomized rats and appropriate control animals were fed 50-200 mμg cobalt-60 labeled vit. B₁₂ with and without intrinsic factor concentrates. Absorption was determined by scintillation counting of feces homogenates. 2. No absorption of vit. B₁₂ by the gastrectomized animals was noted. 3. Absorption by control animals was inhibited by intrinsic factor concentrate, the extent of inhibition increasing with the quantity of concentrate administered.

1. The rapid intravenous administration of chlorpromazine (2-10 mg/kg) to epileptic and normal monkeys produced prompt profound behavioral changes characterized by hypokinesia, flaccidity, diminished responsiveness, reduced aggressiveness, lethargy and somnolence. 2. High amplitude slow wave activity (2-5 second) became dominant in the EEG up to several hours after intravenous injection of chlorpromazine; epileptic monkeys showed, in addition, increased high amplitude spike and sharp wave forms. 3. Epileptic monkeys under the acute influence of chlorpromazine retained their clinical convulsive responsiveness to intramuscular Met-razol (16 mg/kg or less). Clinical epileptic response to vigorous prodding was not significantly changed. 4. Normal control monkeys under the acute influence of chlorpromazine did not exhibit clinical convulsions and remained refractory to treatment with intramuscular Metrazol (32 mg/kg) and to vigorous prodding stimulation.

Evidence is presented for the production of antibodies which neutralize the oncogenic activity of the virus of visceral lymphomatosis, by hens injected with virulent virus. Serum from such hens injected into chicks has produced a passive immunity.

A technic, involving the use of the Mickle tissue disintegrator and the electron microscope, was described for the separation of the cell wall and the internal protoplasm from the cells of the yeast phase of Histoplasma capsulatum. The cell wall contained the antigenic activity associated with complement fixation, protection and toxins. Sensitized animals. On the other hand. showed a delayed type of reaction to either fraction. The protoplasm was more active than the cell wall in the hemolysis of guinea pig erythrocytes.

Lathyrus odoratus peas and certain aminonitrile compounds chemically related to the active extract of the pea, when added to the diet of pregnant rats, caused death of the fetal rat late in intrauterine life. Death was associated with poor development of the skeleton and other mesodermal tissues, and commonly resulted from rupture of the thoracic aorta at or near the time of birth. No harmful effects on the fetus were demonstrated by feeding these substances to the pregnant female before the 17th day of gestation. Lathyrus odoratus peas in 50% dietary concentration did not affect fertility of the adult male or female rat, and males maintained on the diet for as long as 10 months showed no histological evidence of testicular atrophy. No toxic substance was demonstrated in the milk of nursing females on the pea diet. The feeding procedure employing pregnant female rats proved to be a reasonably accurate and sensitive method for the toxicity assay of aminonitriles. Aminoacetonitrile was the most toxic of the compounds tested.

When a diet deficient in one of the following vitamins: thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxins pantothenic acid, or folic acid was fed to rats, the activity of the be-taine-homocysteine transmethylase of their livers was found to be higher than that of the livers of rats fed a complete diet. Deficiencies of biotin or choline, on the other hand, caused a slight decrease in the transmethylase activity.

From this observation it appears that rabies may be transmitted from lactating hamsters to suckling hamsters. Seventy-seven percent of the mothers showed rabies symptoms between 14 to 20 days.31% of the suckling hamsters developed rabies symptoms between 8 to 22 days. Confirmation of rabies was made on all positive animals by Negri body examination. The possibility exists that rabies virus was present in the saliva of the mothers before the suckling animals were weaned, and consequently infection could have occurred by some route other than the milk. This could occur even without biting. Direct infection of mucous surfaces as the result of licking is possible, although this seems remote due to the high percentage of suckling hamsters showing rabies symptoms.

5-Hydroxytryptamine as well as histamine and heparin was demonstrated to be present in purified mast cells from the peritoneal washings of rats. The material was identified by bioassay and chromatography. The concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine found in isolated mast cells agreed with that found by indirect means in the mast cells of the subcutaneous areolar tissue of rats. Implications of this finding are briefly discussed.

(1) By means of paper electrophoresis and subsequent carbohydrate staining by the periodic acid-Schiff method, quantitative evaluation of species glycoprotein patterns were established for man, dog and rabbit. (2) This procedure provides a simple, reproducible method for the quantitative study of serum glycoproteins which may be correlated with simultaneous determination of proteins and lipoproteins. (3) Carbohydrate was bound to alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta-globulins, with the major portion corresponding to the alpha globulins. Gamma glycoprotein was absent in normal serum in man. (4) No alterations were observed in rabbits after administration of adrenal cortical steroids nor in experimentally-induced hypercholesteremia.