This study investigates the role of financial technology (FinTech) in enhancing green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and sustainability performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. Despite the growing importance of sustainable business practices, Indian SMEs face significant financial and technological constraints, and the integration of FinTech with green supply chain initiatives remains underexplored in the literature (Nenavath & Mishra, 2023; Sreenu, 2024). Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 300 Indian SMEs and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) (Hair, Hult, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2019, A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)). The results reveal that FinTech adoption positively influences GSCM practices (β = 0.42, p < .001) and SME performance (β = 0.35, p < .01). Financial literacy was found to significantly mediate the relationship between FinTech and GSCM (β = 0.21, p < .05) (Ratnawati et al., 2024). However, certain paths, such as awareness of green practices and implementation, showed negative or insignificant effects, suggesting potential gaps between knowledge and practical adoption (Barney et al., 2011). The model demonstrated acceptable fit indices (CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.05) (Marak & Pillai, 2025). The findings underscore the critical role of FinTech-enabled financial inclusion in promoting sustainable supply chain practices among SMEs. This study contributes to the literature by integrating FinTech and GSCM perspectives (Chen & Kelly, 2015; Waqar et al., 2025) and offers practical implications for policymakers, SME managers and financial institutions seeking to foster environmentally sustainable and financially resilient SME ecosystems in emerging economies (Hossain et al., 2025; Paliwal, 2023).