Erratum to: A 19-Year-Old Adolescent with Probable Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, vol. 91, no. 3, 2023, pp. 915-922, DOI: 10.3233/JAD-221065

https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad221065

On page 917, in the section “CASE PRESENTATION”, paragraph 4, line 4, the Aβ_42/40 ratio (0.06) was miswritten as follows:

“CSF biomarkers were suggestive of AD, with an increased p-tau181 concentration (51.57 pg/ml, 80.39 pg/ml; normal: 19.66–45.67 pg/ml) and a decreased Aβ_42/40 ratio (0.06, 0.08; normal: 0.10), and increased t-tau levels in two tests (446.14 pg/ml, 425.91 pg/ml; normal: 47.00–225.00 pg/ml).”

The Aβ_42/40 ratio should be 0.088 and 0.082 (this time we keep three decimal places) as shown in the below (the rest results remain the same):

“CSF biomarkers were suggestive of AD, with an increased p-tau181 concentration (51.57 pg/ml, 80.39 pg/ml; normal: 19.66–45.67 pg/ml) and a decreased Aβ_42/40 ratio (0.088, 0.082; normal:>0.10), and increased t-tau levels in two tests (446.14 pg/ml, 425.91 pg/ml; normal: 47.00–225.00 pg/ml).”

Aβ_42/40 ratio in 2020 was also miswritten in Table 1 on page 919. We modified 0.06 and 0.08 as 0.088 and 0.082 (the rest remain unchanged) in revised Table 1 in the below. The corrected Aβ_42/40 ratio is less than 0.10 (cut-off value), which still supports the diagnosis.

Table 1

Summary of the AD-related tests

Test items	Results		Reference range (age and education-matched)
	2020	2021
Cognitive tests
MMSE	29	29	27– 30
MoCA	28	27	26– 30
WHO-UCLA AVLT
short-delay free recall	–	5	13.4±1.4
long-delay free recall	–	2	13.2±1.2
long-delay recognition	–	9	14.2±1.0
total correctly recalled words	–	37	56.1±5.3
CDR	–	0.5 or 1	0
CSF tests
Aβ_42/40 ratio	0.088	0.082	>0.10
Aβ₄₂ (pg/ml)	1485.85	2844.43	610.00– 974.00
Aβ₄₀ (pg/ml)	16798.97	34856.64
t-tau (pg/ml)	446.14	425.91	47.00– 225.00
p-tau 181 (pg/ml)	51.57	80.39	19.66– 45.67
Neuroimaging
Brain MRI	Atrophy of bilateral hippocampus	Atrophy of bilateral hippocampus	–
FDG-PET	Hypometabolism in temporal lobe	Hypometabolism in temporal lobe	–
[¹¹C] PiB PET	–	Negative	Negative
¹⁸F-PM-PBB3	Negative	–	Negative
Brain MRA	–	Normal	–
Gene sequencing
APOE	ɛ3/ɛ3	–	–
Recognized genetic mutations	None	–	–

MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; WHO-UCLA AVLT, World Health Organization-University of California-Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; WMS-IV, Wechsler Memory Scale Fourth Edition; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron emission tomography; FDG, 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose; [¹¹C]PiB, [¹¹C] Pittsburgh compound B; ¹⁸F-PM-PBB3, [¹⁸F]PM-pyridinyl-butadienyl-benzothiazole 3 (PBB3); MRA, magnetic resonance angiography.