Paradigm: A Management Research Journal

In today’s fast moving and dynamic world, short-term investors face difficulty while choosing which avenue to invest in. Investors view investment in securities as a highly risky avenue due to VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity) pertaining to future movement of security prices. The study has been carried out to analyse the post-Initial Public Officer (IPO) performance of various companies that have gone public in 2017 using event study methodology. The study also tries to determine whether these IPOs were underpriced in short run and identifies various factors that influence the movement of such IPOs in the short run. The study found that about 70 per cent of the selected IPOs are underpriced in short run and the movement of these IPOs in short run is not influenced by the age of the company, issue size of the IPO, ownership sector and the promoter’s holdings after the issue.

The four indicators, occupational personality, information, money and product mechanisms, are assessed in this study. Experts from the Isfahan province’s agricultural sector have focused on the quality method to find an approved e-commerce model for the orchard of products. The qualitative evaluation method in this study is of Delphi carried out in three phases of snowball sampling in five groups of agricultural experts. The results indicate that the main actors in this field consist of three groups, intellectual, realistic and conventional, which areas of similarities, differentiation and prediction. The results from the review run on information, money and product indicate that experts in the selection of purchasing, exchange and communication mechanisms, in some respects, agree on similar models of the merchant, manufacturer and brokerage, and in some other areas they have represented new definitions.

The role of online retailing is increasing with each passing day for any business and therefore offering value to the customer which in turn also yield benefit to the retailer and differentiate it from the competitors is an important task. By getting an idea of how customer perceive and evaluate the offerings, retailers may be able to influence the customers in that particular direction. This research paper aims in identifying the major factors or attributes that affect the customers, evaluating their overall experience while shopping on the digital platform and also their impact on online customer satisfaction. This study aims to explore the determinants of online customer experience of Indian shoppers and its effect on the satisfaction of the customers. For the purpose, 325 e-shoppers were surveyed through online mode using snow ball sampling technique. To achieve the objective, exploratory factor analysis was used and multiple regressions were applied. Furthermore, the findings suggest that economic value, customization, post-purchase experience and customer services are the major factors on which customers evaluate their overall online experience and satisfaction.

Social media marketing has garnered a lot of attention in recent times. Regulators, however, do not have any established frameworks to exert a level of control on social media marketing activities. Furthermore, some research studies have shown that control at an organizational level does not appear to be either formal or particularly strong. There are other areas that require investigation as well, such as confusion on the use of personal accounts for marketing the organizations’ products and services, the pressure of releasing media content at speed and the possibility of misuse of any information that is disseminated. There is no doubt social media is an attractive channel for marketing purposes given its free usage and scale of adoption by consumers; however, there is a considerable risk it can be misused as well. Hence, it can be argued that strong control systems should be in place. The case of multiple fatalities in a mob-lynching in India, allegedly as a result of the so-called ‘fake news’ being disseminated via the social media platform Whatsapp, has caught the attention of the Indian government, which is seeking to exert more control over social media channels. Thus, this article critically examines the issue of control over social media marketing in India, and makes suggestions for the creation of a robust control and regulatory framework for the same. This study broadens our understanding of the roles of regulatory framework in social media marketing context.

Derivative trading, started in mid-2000, has become an integral and significant part of Indian stock market. The tremendous increase in trading volume in Indian stock market has reflected into high volatility in the option prices. The pricing of options is very complex aspect of applied finance and has been subject of extensive research. Black–Scholes option model is a scientific pricing model which is applied for determining the fair price for option contracts. This article examines if Black–Scholes option pricing model (BSOPM) is a good indicator of option pricing in Indian context. The literature review highlights that various studies have been conducted on BSOPM in various stock exchange across the world with mixed outcome on its relevance and applicability. This article is an empirical study to test the relevance of BSOPM for which 10 most popular industry’s stock listed on National Stock Exchange have been taken. Then the BSOPM has been applied using volatility and risk-free rate. Furthermore, t-test has been used to test the hypothesis and determine the significant relationship between BS model values and actual model values. This study concludes that BSOPM involves significant degree of mispricing. Hence, this model alone cannot be adopted as an indicator for option pricing. The variation from market price is synchronised with respect to moneyness and time to maturity of the option.

The aim of the present study is to identify the factors that propel tourism industry to opt for digitalization and establish a hierarchical relationship among them. The paper further seeks to address how digitalization impacts various stakeholders in tourism industry. Also, various challenges that are arising in course of digitalization in tourism industry are identified and suggestions have been made to resolve these issues. The study makes use of interpretive structural modelling (ISM) to develop a strategic framework related to digitalization in the industry. MICMAC (cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) analysis is used to identify the nature of the factors identified in the framework developed. The results of strategy adopted conclude that customer demand for digitalization, growing essence of sharing economy and presence of social media are important contributors to the enhancement of digitalization in tourism industry. The study highlights the implications for the strategy makers as the outputs from ISM di-graph will allow them to identify and focus more on factors driving the digitalization system and address the various shortcomings in the process effectively.

Infrastructure is one of the most crucial pillars of productivity in any economy. Pushing infrastructure development and particularly organizing funds for infrastructure projects have been the biggest challenge in developing nations. The present study was taken up to review the infrastructure development and its financing in India. The study intended to (1) study the infrastructure development in India in the 11th and 12th Five Year Plan, (2) examine the sources used for infrastructure financing in India, (3) assess the actions taken by government to facilitate infrastructure financing and (4) propose measures to augment infrastructure financing to overcome infrastructure deficit in the country. It was found that though Government of India and Reserve Bank of India have taken several initiatives to facilitate infrastructure financing, there still exists a vast gap between supply side and the demand side. Some of the recommendations given in the paper include the need to evolve innovative business models and mitigate administrative glitches to ensure larger private participation; exploit the untapped potential of diaspora; revisit the statutory liquidity ratio norms for banks; evolve the municipal bond market; boost regional integration and improved connectivity through creation of corridors between sub-continental regions, which would not only bridge the finance gap but also the knowledge gap, etc.