Resveratrol antimycotoxigenic activity was tested against Fusarium verticillioidesand Fusarium graminearum in corn. Both trans-resveratrol and RES VIN® (a commercial lyophilised polyphenolic product obtained from the skins of red wine grapes, which contains a 10.015% resveratrol) were tested for their efficacy to control mycotoxins accumulation in corn. In particular, their effects were tested against fumonisin B1(FB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) accumulation in naturally contaminated corn with additional inocula of toxinogenic isolates of either F. verticillioides or F. graminearum. ZEA accumulation was reduced by 80% in F. graminearum inoculated samples, while no inhibition of FB1 accumulation was observed in any of the treatments tested. Resveratrol has previously shown to have antifungal properties against certain fungal species. Thus, studies are needed using higher resveratrol concentrations in order to achieve wider antimycotoxigenic effect as reported in in vitro studies. Trans-resveratrol and RES VIN® had similar effects in the experiment carried out, suggesting that the use of the sub product of the wine industry could be a good alternative to synthetic resveratrol.
Adrian M. , Jeandet P. , Veneau J. , Weston L.A. and Bessis R. (1997). Biological activity of resveratrol, a stilbenic compound from grapevines, against Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent for grey mould . Journal of Chemical Ecology23: 1689–1702 .
2.
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (1997) Natural Toxins. In: Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. Gunniff, P. (ed.) pp. 45–46.
3.
Bavaresco L. , Cantu E. , Fregoni M. and Trevisan M. (1997). Constitutive stilbene contents of grapevine cluster stems as potential source of resveratrol in wine . Vitis36: 115–118 .
4.
Bavaresco L. , Vessulli S. , Battilani P. , Giorni P. , Pietri A. and Bertuzzi T. (2003). Effect of ochratoxin A-producing Aspergilli on stilbenic phytoalexin synthesis in grapes . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry51: 6151–6157 .
5.
Bezuidenhout S.C. , Gelderblom W.C.A. , Gorst-Allman C.P. , Horak R.M. , Marasas W.F.O. , Spiteller G. and Vleggaar R. (1988). Structure elucidation of the fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium moniliforme . Journal of the Chemical Society D, Chemical Communications11: 743–744 .
6.
Fan X. and Mattheis J.P. (2001). Inhibition of oxidative and antioxidative enzymes by trans-resveratrol . Journal of Food Science66: 200–203 .
7.
Fanelli C. , Taddei F. , Trionfetti-Nisini P. , Jestoi M. , Ricelli A. and Fabbri A.A. (2003). Use of resveratrol and BHA to control fungal growth and mycotoxin production in wheat and maize seeds . In: Proceedings Mycotoxins in Food Production Systems. Bath, UK.
8.
Filip V. , Plockova M. , Smidrkal J. , Spickova Z. , Melzoch K. and Schmidt S. (2003). Resveratrol and its antioxidant and antimicrobial effectiveness . Food Chemistry83: 585–593 .
9.
Gelderblom W.C.A. , Jaskiewicz K. , Marasas W.F.O. , Thiel P.G. , Horak M.J. , Vleggaar R. and Kriek N.P.J. (1988). Fumonisins–novel mycotoxins with cancer promoting activity produced by Fusarium moniliforme . Applied and Environmental Microbiology54: 1806–1811 .
10.
German J.B. and Walzem R.L. (2000) The health benefits of wine . Annual Review of Nutrition20: 561–593 .
11.
Gonzalez Ureña A. , Orea J.M. , Montero C. , Jimenez J.B. , Gonzalez J.L. , Sanchez A. and Dorado M. (2003) Improving postharvest resistance in fruits by external application of trans-resveratrol . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry51: 82–89 .
12.
ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) (1976) International rules for seed testing . Seed Science and Technology43: 3–77 .
13.
Jeandet P., Bessis R., Sbaghi M., Meunier P. and Trollat P. (1995) Resveratrol content of wines of different ages: relationship with fungal disease pressure in the vineyard . American Journal of Enology and Viticulture46: 1–4 .
14.
Kuiper-Goodman T. , Scott P.M. and Watanabe H. (1987) Risk assessment of the mycotoxin zearalenone . Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology7: 253–306 .
15.
Magee J.B. , Smith B.J. and Rimando A. (2002) Resveratrol content of muscadine berries is affected by disease control spray program . Hortscience37: 358–361 .
16.
Marasas W.F.O. , Jaskiewicz K. , Venter F.S. and van Schalkwyk D.J. (1988a). Fusarium moniliforme contamination of maize in oesophageal cancer areas in Transkei . South African Medical Journal74: 110–114 .
17.
Marasas W.F.O. , Kellerman T.S. , Gelderblom W.C.A. , Coetzer J.A.W. , Thiel P.G. and van der Lugt J.J. (1988b). Leukoencephalomalacia in a horse induced by fumonisin B1 isolated from Fusarium moniliforme . Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research55: 197–203 .
18.
Marín S. , Velluti A. , Muñoz A. , Ramos A.J. and Sanchis V. (2003). Control of fumonisin B1 accumulation in naturally contaminated maize inoculated with Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum, by cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, oregano and palmarosa essential oils . European Food Research and Technology271: 332–337 .
19.
Marín S. , Velluti A. , Ramos A.J. and Sanchis V. (2004) Essential oils inhibition of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol production by Fusarium graminearumin maize grain . Food Microbiology21: 313–318 .
20.
Murcia M.A. and Martinez-Tome M. (2001) Antioxidant activity of resveratrol compared with common food additives . Journal of Food Protection64: 379–384 .
21.
Ricelli A. , Zjalic S. , Reverberi M. , Taddei F. , Fabbri A.A. and Fanelli C. (2004). Resveratrol, Lentinula edodesand BHA: novel opportunities in the prevention of fungal growth and mycotoxin production in foodstuffs. In: Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds, Proceedings of the 14th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium. Friedrichroda, Germany .
22.
Sutton J.C. (1982) Epidemiology of wheat head blight and maize ear rot caused by Fusarium graminearum . Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology4: 195–209 .
23.
Velluti A. , Sanchis V. , Ramos A.J. , Egido J. and Marín S. (2003) Inhibitory effect of cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, oregano and palmarose essential oils on growth and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium proliferatumin maize grain . International Journal of Food Microbiology89: 145–154 .
24.
Velluti A. , Marín S. , Gonzalez P. , Ramos A.J. and Sanchis V. (2004a). Initial screening for inhibitory activity of essential oils on growth of Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium graminearum on maize-based agar media . Food Microbiology21: 649–656 .
25.
Velluti A. , Sanchis V. , Ramos A.J. and Marín S. (2004b). Effect of essential oils of cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, oregano and palmarose on growth of and fumonisin B1production by Fusarium verticillioides in maize . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture84: 1141–1146 .
26.
Velluti A. , Sanchis V. , Ramos A.J. , Turon C. and Marín S. (2004c). Impact of essential oils on growth rate, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol production by Fusarium graminearum under different temperature and water activity conditions in maize grain . Journal of Applied Microbiology96: 716–724 .
27.
Yoshizawa T. , Yamashita A. and Luo Y. (1994) Fumonisin occurrence in corn from high and low risk areas for human esophageal cancer in China . Applied and Environmental Microbiology60: 1626–1629 .
