Main Group Chemistry

This article describes the preparation of the unnatural arsonolipids 7–9, pseudo arsonolipids 10 and 11, and arsinolipids 12–14 (Fig. 3). Their preparation was motivated by the unique properties of the arsenic compared to phosphorus atom of the –AsO₃H₂ and >AsO₂H groups. It was anticipated that these lipids will show interesting physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties. Two key points in their preparation have been identified and studied: the preparation of the precursor hydroxy-containing arsonic and arsinic acids and their subsequent acylation to the corresponding arsono- and arsinolipids. The most intensively studied were the arsonolipids 7 which showed quite interesting physical properties forming in water super structures and interacted with carbonic anhydrase and phospholipase A₂. They formed arsonoliposomes either in the absence or in the presence of cholesterol and a phospholipid. The latter arsonoliposomes alone, i.e. in the absence of a trapped drug, revealed quite promising selective toxicity against protozoal parasites, various cancer cells in vitro and prostate cancer in vivo.

Three new supramolecular polymers based on Cu(X) (X = Br, I, SCN) and BPMB·2Br (BLMB = 1, 4-bis [(4-picoline)-N-methylene] benzene) have been synthesized via the self-assembly reaction in solution. 1–3 were characterized by X-ray crystal structure, TG, IR, elemental analysis UV-Vis, and XRD. These compounds exhibit mononuclear, tetranuclear cubane-like clusteric oligomer and 1D chain structure, respectively. We investigated the photocatalytic degradation properties and the optical band gap of them. Moreover, fluorescence spectrum indicates that they are probe for sensing Fe³⁺, resulting in Fe (III)-selective fluorescence quenching in water even in the presence of other metal ions.

Interactions of H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ cations with five isomers of cytosine were studied employing B3LYP and MP2 methods using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The cation-cytosine interactions affected the relative stability of the isomers, however, in the all complexes, the keto structure was the most stable isomer. Cation-cytosine interactions influenced the energy barriers of intramolecular proton transfers so that in some cases the cations catalyze the proton transfer and in others they increase the activation energies. The observed difference was attributed to the change in the acidity and basicities of the proton donor and acceptor sites and a linear correlation was obtained between acidity and activation energy.

Herein, a significantly improved synthesis and purification of synthesis of Baclofen via dissolving β-(para-chlorophenyl)-glutaric acid imide into basic solution and further amount of bromine to access Baclofen with high purity is reported. pH of the reaction solution was adjusted with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Finally, the 4-amino-3-(4- chlorophenyl) butanoic acid was filtered and recrystallized. It is demonstrated that the present synthetic protocol doesnot need any hazardous or harmful solvents, has operational simplicity, and shows high yields and short synthetic route with simple work-up. As an advantage, this method includes a convenient approach for synthesis of Baclofen with ultrasound irradiation as the convenient energy source at the first step of reaction Followed by leading to good production yeilds. The product was characterized by M.p, IR, and NMR.

Central composite experimental design was used for fast, simple, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of hydrochlorothiazide, amlodipine and valsartan in combined dosage forms. This method avoids the disadvantages of the traditional analytical approach, which is time-consuming, involves a large number of runs, and does not allow establishing the multiple interacting parameters. On the basis of preliminary experiments and physicochemical characteristic of analyzed substances, three independent variables (methanol content, pH of the mobile phase, and column temperature) were selected as input, while as dependent variables, six responses (retention time of hydrochlorothiazide, retention time of amlodipine, retention time of valsartan, asymmetry of hydrochlorothiazide peak, asymmetry of amlodipine peak, and asymmetry of valsartan peak) were chosen. Face centered central composite design enables an estimation of factors which have the most importance. After optimizing experimental conditions, a separation was conducted on a Zorbax C₈ (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-acetate buffer 40:20:40 (v/v/v), pH adjusted to 3.5 with acetic acid, flow rate of 1 mL/min and column temperature of 40 ^degC. The method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separations of these active drug compounds in their commercial dosage forms.

The present research investigates the size effect of Deferasirox, “4-[3,5-Bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1yl]-benzoicacid”, to reduce lead(II) poisoning in rat bodies. The lead(II) ions as PbCl₂ was given orally to the rats in 40 mg/kg dose for 100 days. Deferasirox in nano scale was prepared by sonochemistry method. The effects of initial substance (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 g) and reaction time (15, 30 and 45 min) on deferasirox size were investigated. Chemotherapy by deferasirox in two scales, nano (16 nm) and bulk (6 μm), was done during 15 days. The lead(II) concentration in various tissues such as heart, liver, spleen and kidneys was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). The results show by decreasing in deferasirox particle size; more lead(II) amount were removed from rat’s organs.